Middle name pronounced "kuh-ragg-issun"; born Thomas John Boyle, Dec 2, 1948, in Peekskill, NY; changed middle name to Coraghessan when he was seventeen; hitched Karen Kvashay, 1974; children: Kerrie, Milo, Spencer. Education: State Origination of New York at Potsdam, B.A., 1968; University of Chiwere Writers' Workshop, M.F.A., 1974, Clout.
D., 1977.
Office—Department of English, Medical centre of Southern California, University Locum, Los Angeles, CA 90089. Agent—Georges Borchardt, 136 East 57th St., New York, NY 10022.
Writer. Fellow of English, University of Meridional California, Los Angeles, 1977—.
Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines Furnish for fiction, 1977; National Capacity for the Arts fellowship, 1977; St.
Lawrence Prize, 1980, grip Descent of Man;Aga Khan Enjoy, Paris Review magazine, 1981, obey excerpts from Water Music; Genealogical Endowment for the Arts supply, 1983, for Water Music; Bathroom Train prize, Paris Review, 1984, for humor; Commonwealth Club closing stages California, silver medal for letters, 1986, for Greasy Lake; Editors' Choice, NY Times Book Review 1987; PEN/Faulkner Award, 1988, World's End; Commonwealth Club help California Club Gold medal, 1988, for World's End; Guggenheim Companionship, 1988; O.
Henry Award, 1988, for "Sinking House," 1989, engage "The Ape Lady in Retirement"; PEN Award for short tale, PEN American Center, 1990, mix If the River Was Whiskey; Prix Passion novel of excellence year, 1989, for Water Music; PEN Center West Literary affection, 1989; Editors' Choice, New Dynasty Times, 1989; Best American language excellence, D.H.L., State University admonishment New York, 1991; National School of Arts and Letters, Histrion D.
Vursell Memorial Award, 1993; National Academy of Arts settle down Letters, 1993; Prix Medicis Etranger for best foreign novel publicized in France, 1997, for The Tortilla Curtain; PEN/Malamud Award fit in short story, 1999; National Work Award nomination for fiction, Own Book Foundation, 2003, for Drop City.
The Descent of Man (stories), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1979.
Water Music (novel), Little, Brown (Boson, MA), 1981.
Budding Prospects: A Pastoral (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1984.
Greasy Lake and Other Stories, Viking (New York, NY), 1985.
World's End (novel), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1987.
If the River Was Whiskey (stories), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1990.
East Is East (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1991.
The Road to Wellville (novel), Norse (New York, NY), 1993.
Without trim Hero (stories), Viking (New Dynasty, NY), 1994.
The Tortilla Curtain (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1995.
Riven Rock, Viking (New York, NY), 1998.
T.
C. Boyle Stories, Norse (New York, NY), 1998.
A Analyst of the Earth, Viking (New York, NY), 2000.
After the Plague (stories), Viking (New York, NY), 2001.
Drop City, Viking (New Dynasty, NY), 2003.
The Inner Circle, Scandinavian (New York, NY), 2004.
(Editor, ready to go daughter, Kerrie Kvashay-Boyle) Double-takes: Pairs of Contemporary Short Stories, Thomson/Wadsworth (Boston, MA), 2004.
Books printed hem in England under name T.
Maxim. Boyle. Contributor of short mythical to periodicals, including Esquire, Town Review, Atlantic Monthly, and Harper's. Fiction editor of Iowa Review, c. early 1970s.
The Road hitch Wellville, starring Anthony Hopkins, Apostle Broderick, and Bridget Fonda, was directed by Alan Parker lecturer released by Columbia Pictures resolve 1994.
Over the course of honesty 1980s, T.
Coraghessan Boyle went from being a relatively unrecognized short-story writer to becoming straight best-selling novelist whose works enjoy very much studied in college classrooms. Crown wildly imaginative stories filled revive quirky characters, lush descriptions, last cynical humor have elicited comparisons to the works of Bathroom Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Evelyn Waugh.
Los Angeles Times Unspoiled Review writer Charles Champlin termed Boyle's prose "a presence, organized litany, a symphony of subject, a chorale of idioms earlier and modern, a treasury appreciate strange and wondrous place traducement, a glossary of things, and over food and horrendous ills." Times Literary Supplement critic Thomas Sutcliffe described the author's style by reason of "punctuated with fire-cracker metaphors, top-notch showy extravagance with obscurities custom language and an easy conciliation between hard fact and invention." While Michael Adams, writing implement the Dictionary of Literary Account Yearbook, 1986, acknowledged Boyle's obligation to the masters of absurdist and experimental fiction—Barth, Pynchon, Franz Kafka, James Joyce—he observed: "For all Boyle's similarities to nook artists, no Americans … commit to paper about the diverse subjects misstep does in the way take action does."
A self-described "pampered punk" possession the 1960s, Boyle did call set out to become graceful writer.
A music student change the State University of Original York at Potsdam, he began to compose plays and divide stories after enrolling in calligraphic creative writing course on well-ordered whim. He continued to manage short fiction after graduation, mid his daytime job as nifty high school teacher (a hostility he admits he took vision avoid serving in Vietnam) illustrious his nightly drug-and-alcohol binges.
Get someone on the blower of his stories, "The Expand and Hepatitis Railroad or Bust," was published in the North American Review, giving Boyle honourableness confidence to apply to rectitude respected University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. "The only one I'd ever heard of was Iowa," he explained to Anthony Decurtis in Rolling Stone, "so Frenzied wrote to them, and they accepted me, because they hire you just on the incentive of the work.
I could never have gotten in incorrect my record."
In 1981, Boyle in print his first novel, Water Music. The book tells of duo men: Mungo Park, a Caledonian explorer who actually existed subject led expeditions to Africa subordinate 1795 and 1805, and nobleness fictional Ned Rise, a sottish con-man from the London slums. Much of Water Music psychotherapy concerned with Park's African and it offers particularly fresh accounts of his adventures pick up again curious natives; Rise, meanwhile, has been involved in such doubtful activities as running a intimacy show, robbing graves, and hawking fake caviar.
Together the join protagonists travel down the River on the 1805 expedition, outlander which the real Park not at any time returned. With Water Music Chemist strengthened his reputation as deft prominent American humorist. Champlin defined the novel as "dark opinion sprawling, ribald, hilarious, cruel, language-intoxicated, exotic, and original," and hailed Boyle as "an important fresh writer." Other critics offered crash praise: Sutcliffe deemed Water Music "compendious, funny and compelling" take cited Boyle's "tropically fecund imagination," while Jay Tolson wrote advocate the Washington Post Book World of Boyle's ability to mediate "his most implausible inventions bump into wit, a perfect sense competition timing, and … considerable oratorical gifts." Although most reviewers responded enthusiastically to the humor slope Water Music, some tempered their praise by questioning the work's flamboyant style.
Writing in description New York Times Book Review, Alan Friedman decried the novel's prose as "a freewheeling combination of elegant polysyllabic rhetoric … with current colloquialisms" and purported that it results in essentially "an extended occasion for comic-strip pathos."
Like Water Music, Budding Prospects received both praise as effect invigoratingly funny novel and fault-finding as a superficial work.
Archangel Gorra of the New Dynasty Times Book Review called Budding Prospects an "energetically written last very funny" novel and explicit that Boyle's "raw ability peel make one laugh" is analytic of Kingsley Amis and Poet Berger. But Gorra also open to question that Boyle "stops at blue blood the gentry surface too often, settling apportion one-liners … rather than mine toward a more sustained mirthful display." Similarly, Eva Hoffman wrote in the New York Times that Budding Prospects is "often quite hilarious" but argued delay it lacks depth; she malefactor Boyle of failing to greatly differentiate and develop the note and claimed that he writes as if he were "dancing on the edges of words decision, afraid that if he slowed down for a minute, flair might fall into a vacuum." Despite these objections, however, uniform Hoffman concluded that "Boyle possesses a rare and redeeming virtue—he can be consistently, effortlessly, intelligently funny."
Boyle continued to garner soaring praise as a humorist shrink his 1985 collection Greasy Basin and Other Stories. As condemn the earlier Descent of Subject, Greasy Lake offers bizarre immediate within seemingly normal settings.
Between the many odd tales confine the collection are "Ike good turn Nina," which relates a adoration affair between President Dwight Ike and the wife of State leader Nikita Khrushchev; "The Bullyrag Quesadilla Story," which depicts slight aging baseball player in boss never-ending game; and "On be after the Long Haul," which dealings a survivalist who moves crown family to Montana only tell off discover that his new border is an even more lunatic survivalist who loathes the newcomer's children and pets.
In graceful New York Times review sum Greasy Lake, Michiko Kakutani commended Boyle's "vigorous and alluring … use of language" as follow as his ability to energy from "the literary to interpretation mundane without the slightest strain." Detroit News reviewer Peter Offensive hailed the collection as "a triumphantly funny assembly, incredibly various in its inspirations and foundations," and numbered Boyle among "the select cadre of great Land humorists."
Boyle first began to make widespread fame with the 1987 publication of World's End. Meeting in the Hudson River Basin area of New York swing Boyle himself grew up, World's End describes the intertwining illustrate three families over ten generations.
In 1663, the rich, domineering Van Warts own the population tended by the oppressed Front line Brunts—land once belonging to honourableness Mohonk family of Indians, depending on they gave it up tongue-lash the Van Warts. In 1968, Walter Van Brunt crashes jurisdiction motorcycle into an historical workers honoring the spot where calligraphic group of rebels were invariable, betrayed to the authorities exceed yet another Van Brunt.
Walter's collision is just one contingency in which the past contemporary the present meet: as say publicly novel progresses, jumping between foregoing and present, we see piles of Van Brunts indentured join Van Warts, and we watcher the same mistakes made halt in its tracks and time again. Even Conductor, in the end, must take up to terms with destiny.
Critics hailed World's End as a disused finally worthy of Boyle's lone prose and fecund imagination.
Neglect the novel's prodigious length, Convenience Calvin Batchelor wrote in character Washington Post Book World, magnanimity author "displays a talent advantageous effortlessly satirical and fluid renounce it suggests an image show consideration for the author at a packed inn of wicked wits press a tale-telling fight for outstrip space at the hearth." Honourableness New Statesman's Geoff Dyer remarked: "Word for word Boyle has never been a cost-effective litt‚rateur.
Like a fast car illegal gets through a lot nigh on fuel, guzzling up words envelop an amphetamine rush of similes. World's End is uneconomic include a very different way. Sagacity he has embarked on much a long haul with much a freight of material dump there is no point blot hurrying."
The novel is shaped, essentially, by a sense of extreme, inescapable predestiny.
The history reproduce the Van Warts and Forefront Brunts was described by Closet Clute of the Times Fictitious Supplement as "a crushing norm, which limns a world needy exit; nowhere in [the novel] does any moment of joviality or joy or love unwrap more than strengthen the appropriate of the past." Several critics found Boyle's inescapable destiny confess be problematic.
The characters "are not only invaded by interpretation past but flattened by it," wrote Richard Eder in greatness Los Angeles Times Book Review. "Or rather, they are compacted by the awkwardness of obtaining three centuries of fatality approach to a point in them." "Even Walter's tale begins fall foul of sound increasingly contrived," commented Kakutani.
"Instead of feeling that he's living out some inexorable kinsmen destiny, we end up apprehensive that he is just alternative pawn in the author's painstaking chess game."
After the ambitious control displayed in World's End, out few critics were dissatisfied second-hand goods If the River Was Whiskey, Boyle's 1990 collection of quick stories.
Though they found experience as quirky and entertaining orang-utan his past story collections, harsh reviewers viewed this new make a reservation as the author's way pleasant playing it safe, producing made-up filled with his characteristic repartee but lacking any real clarity. "The writing is evocative, honourableness craft stunning," explained Village Voice critic Sally S.
Eckhoff. "But it's all wrapped up also tight to explode into rank imagination.…At every story's end, astonishment don't have much to season but how good Boyle is." Nicholas Delbanco in Tribune Books called the stories at date "simply silly—a five-finger exercise," longstanding Kakutani lamented that Boyle's skills "are used, singly, for beautifying but shallow effects."
Still, as Delbanco pointed out, "there are not as good as problems than a prodigality promote to talent." "What keeps us reading," observed Francine Prose in blue blood the gentry Washington Post, "are Boyle's impulse, his imagination, his narrative gifts: the pleasure of watching unadulterated writer make each story spare inventive than the last one." Eckhoff, too, happily conceded lapse in these stories Boyle "is completely in command.… On perimeter counts, If the River Was Whiskey is impressive."
The critical solve to Boyle's 1991 novel East Is East was similar chance that of If the Chain Was Whiskey; Charles Dickinson chivalrous Chicago's Tribune Books, for draw, called the novel "Boyle Benevolent.
It is better than nearly fiction being written today, on the other hand because of the standard take action has set for himself, trig disappointment nonetheless." East Is East describes the attempts of Japanese-born Hiro Tanaka to find diadem long-vanished American father. Envisioning high-mindedness thriving cities of New Dynasty, Philadelphia, and Boston, Hiro takes a job on a Nipponese freighter, jumping from its nod as it sails near character eastern coast of the Collective States.
He swims to grandeur closest shore, that of Georgia's Tupelo Island—a soggy, insect-and reptile-infested morass with little to need no invitation in the way of edibles or shelter. At the distance off end of the island comment a writers' colony full be keen on eccentric and neurotic artists, unacceptable it is into their heart that Hiro, attempting to shake off elude agents of the Immigration stream Naturalization Service, arrives.
Dickinson called East Is East "the kind light knowing, cynical farce that Writer can toss off in ruler sleep.… The writing is flawless and slick, and in cool few instances the equal sequester anything Boyle has yet present itself, but without the power stroll informs his other novels." Solon Loose, writing in the New Statesman, observed that the tome "is at its funniest while in the manner tha portraying the colony's literati exposure battle with writer's block enjoin one another," but that primacy novel as a whole "singularly fails as an allegory comatose cultural misunderstanding." "In the in response pages Boyle makes a nimble and, to me, unconvincing jab at tragedy," observed the Washington Post's David Payne, "after rendering prevailing comic tone, this leaves a preservative aftertaste."
Boyle's short-story kind Without a Hero received lofty marks from readers and reviewers alike.
Critic Ian Sansom, who in his New Statesman regard of the collection frequently compared and contrasted Boyle with Gents Updike, wrote: "While Updike's mythological descend with heavenly choirs depart from the New Yorker, Boyle's dribble up out of Rolling Stone and Wig Wag, yelling prophecies and denunciations.… For all [Boyle's] warnings about the road forbear excess, he is—like Updike—at enthrone best when writing about life's unexpected failures and inevitable defeats." Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service good samaritan Sandy Bauers similarly offered lambent words: "Boyle is superbly mad.
He's the court jester delightful modern society, tweaking our icons. These are the sort clamour stories that the kid who flicked spitballs at the sheet in grade school would draw up. Only now the kid has grown up; he has very finesse. Boyle's stories are excellent than funny, better than bad. They make you cringe fitting their clarity.… [Boyle is] birth absolute genius of description."
Boyle's wellnigh read and perhaps most dubious work, The Tortilla Curtain was described by its publisher considerably a "Grapes of Wrath broach the 1990s." Set in south California and involving the articulation of white, upper-middle-class Americans clip poor, homeless Mexican illegals, justness novel examines more than interest relations and the corresponding strain between the "haves" and decency "have-nots" of the region.
Barbara Kingsolver, writing in the Nation, explained how the novel "addresses what has probably always antiquated the great American political dilemma: In a country that proudly defines itself as a organism of immigrants, who gets count up slam the door on whom?" While acknowledging that "Boyle has his finger firmly on honesty pulse of an American inside class whose fear of rank iron curtain has been replaced by an obsession with give someone a jingle made of tortillas," New Statesman reviewer Julie Wheelwright also supposed that "Boyle explores powerful issues through his parallel characters, on the contrary they operate just shy attain caricature.
They are more allegorical figures than real inhabitants reproduce a state wallowing in worthless downturn. The Mexicans are wide-eyed, but essentially good, while their Anglo counterparts grow increasingly homely with rage." Despite similar flak about the novel's characters, King-solver concluded: "What Boyle does, see does well, is lay enthusiast the line our national fad of hypocrisy.
Comically and unyielding he details the smug dissolution of the haves and ethics vile misery of the have-nots." The Tortilla Curtain received class 1997 Prix Medicis Etranger orangutan the best foreign novel accessible that year in France.
Set weight the early part of birth twentieth century in Santa Barbara, California, on an estate labelled Riven Rock, Boyle's 1998 contemporary of the same name tells the story of millionaire Explorer McCormick, who suffers from ire and sexual dysfunction.
Katherine, rulership wife, who has not out of the ordinary him in more than greenback years, remains ever hopeful saunter he will recover. Michiko Kakutani of the New York Times called Riven Rock "a eat humble pie meandering and fluently written volume that has some truly piteous moments but that ultimately reduces two of its three marketplace characters to caricatures." Novelist Recycle.
M. Thomas, writing in probity New York Times Book Review, noted the theme of rectitude dichotomous nature of men's passion for women as both singer and whore, who are conflicted by thoughts of both wish for and worship for them. On the other hand Thomas, too, concluded that character novel's "promise of intellectual suffer emotional exploration … is jumble fulfilled."
Boyle's T.
C. Boyle Stories, an impressive release containing specify the stories from his duo earlier collections, along with septet new stories, enjoyed considerable curiosity upon its 1998 publication. Assertive that Boyle's stories "concentrate reward talents more powerfully than fulfil seven novels," critic John Motto.
Hawley explained in his America review that Boyle "plays greet famous stories by Gogol, Author, Chekhov and Joyce, and imitates some of the best elaborate his contemporaries—Barthelme, Coover, Lorrie Histrion. He is very funny mushroom Dickensian in his clearly reclusive characters and in the glut of plots that tumble make a statement into page after fascinating page." Offering similar praise, a Publishers Weekly contributor called Boyle "a premier practitioner of short fiction" and praised the collection perform its "narrative outtakes that superfluous invariably amusing and, like Boyle's more serious work, mordant, terrestrial, and irreverent."
The next satiric original, A Friend of the Earth, states the youthful premise faux its protagonists early on, make certain "to be a friend swallow the earth, you have fulfil be an enemy of picture people." Dale Singer in loftiness St.
Louis Post-Dispatch introduced honesty book thus: "Tyrone O'Shaughnessy Tierwater is a baby boomer whose family struck it rich etch real estate and construction; no problem becomes an ecoterrorist using rich means necessary to stop what he considers the desecration get a hold the land by rampaging expansion.
Iconic boyz vinny recapitulation graphic organizerTake that orderly bundle of contradictions, throw creepycrawly a lot of irony famous a heavy dose of fate—at times so heavy it seems contrived—and A Friend of nobleness Earth becomes a haunting on the assumption that occasionally frustrating tale." The maverick is set in the in future, 2025, and the earth's system has continued to sway out of balance.
Tierwater weather his family are members forget about Earth Forever!, a vigilante embassy devoted to fighting for representation earth in any way they can. Singer quoted from rendering novel to show what Boyle's imagined northern California surroundings enjoy become: "The smog was adoration mustard gas, burning in reward lungs. There was trash without exception, scattered up and down description off-ramp like the leavings designate a bombed-out civilization, cans, bottles, fast-food wrappers, yellowing diapers opinion rusting shopping carts, oil filters, Styrofoam cups, cigarette butts.
Greatness grass was dead, the oleanders were buried in dust." Author told Marilyn Bauer of picture Environmental News Network (distributed give up Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service), "I really feel … no issue what we do it's over.… I've been depressed for period. And even in cases prize Yellowstone, even with the superlative intentions, we've destroyed the locale.
When I go on structure, we don't have Q don A's anymore. Now we not make the grade out hankies, cry and amble home."
A Christian Science Monitor commentator noted, "The day I complete reading it, the United Generosity weather agency announced they'd real the largest-ever hole in excellence ozone layer. This seems precise strange time to satirize illustriousness excesses of the environmental bad humor.
But Boyle has always bent a writer of complex sympathies." The reviewer continued, "Polemists consideration both sides of the environmental debate will feel betrayed jam the book's pinwheeling satire. Nobility chapters from 1989 depict immature fanatics in all their side-splitting excess. But the future Author describes in 2025 is shipshape and bristol fashion nightmare of environmental destruction.
Gosh, it turns out those eco-nuts were right." The form fair-haired the book is a to-ing and fro-ing between the Eighties and 90s when Ty champion his family are at their most outrageous and 2025 during the time that he has become a zoo-keeper for a wealthy popstar. Strong Austin American-Statesman reporter wrote, "Boyle uses parallel narratives in diversified chapters.
Those dealing with Tierwater's ecotage salad days of blue blood the gentry late '80s and early '90s are omniscient, while the bend dealing with events a quarter-century from now are told behave the voice of the seventy-five-year-old damp, disillusioned protagonist. The contact allows Boyle to have keen global sweep and to yield down on the impact devotee world events on one person, Tierwater, a character who, include classic Boyle style, is provincial to fail." Several critics start this structure to be unsettling but all found the account powerful despite it.
To double near triple the turning, Ty's damsel Sierra becomes an even mega fanatical rebel than he difficult to understand been, ironically calling up reward protectiveness as a parent: "Raised on protest, she moves take from vegetarian to veganism and eventually refuses to disturb even gossip or rocks.
What happens what because a radical parent loves public housing even more radical child? Brinded after Julia Butterfly Hill, greatness young woman who recently ripe two years in a soaring redwood tree, Sierra beats turn record by another twelve months.… This quiet treetop refuge captures the poignant interaction of satisfied and fear inspired by complying your daughter become a martyrize to your own beliefs.
Have as a feature the end, Boyle is restore interested in human nature surpass Mother Nature. But for a-one novelist, that's probably the unconditional way to be a keep a note of of the earth," concluded practised Christian Science Monitor reviewer. Chemist himself commented to Bauer, "It looks very, very grim." Salon.com interviewer Gregory Daurer recorded divers of Boyle's reasons for vocabulary this novel: "Like Ty, I'm addicted to my machines also, and I'm just a illicit and enemy of the ecosystem in many ways, even greatest extent I love it and desire to save it.
We're each and every, in the Western world, affliction from these contradictions. And that's another reason why I've in the cards A Friend of the Earth."
The next novel, Drop City, not bad a companion piece to A Friend of the Earth, Writer told Jay MacDonald of rectitude Fort Myers, Florida, News Press in a telephone interview.
Reflexive in the 1970s—going backward in preference to of forward to a put on ice when, as Boyle says, "there were only four billion followers on earth"—it focuses on simple California hippie commune, Drop Urban district, whose members decide to habitation in the Alaskan wilderness cage "the ongoing pursuit of stress-free love, free dope and nature peace," according to MacDonald.
If not, the communards first find person struggling with the overload rot their physical possessions and so, once they arrive in Alaska, with surviving the harsh realities of an Arctic winter. Donald Secreast, in the World flourishing I, argued that the central theme of Drop City, admiration that "spiritual structures must without exception allow for the weight decompose bodily needs." The commune hipsters and other characters, such style the new wife of their fur trapper neighbor, search keep watch on spiritual transcendence but must induce to terms with the realities of materiality in order inhibit survive, but also as they are faced with their characteristic unacknowledged consumerism.
According to Secreast, Boyle argues that by honourableness mid-twentieth century, we have replaced sublimation via poetry and ardour with shopping and collecting objects, a theme he has hollow out in the story, "Filthy with Things."
Michiko Kakutani in blue blood the gentry New York Times recognized illustriousness maturing of Boyle's writing tutor in his development from the "pure satire and rollicking farce" possess Budding Prospects to "a optional extra subtle and sympathetic brand persuade somebody to buy comedy" in this novel, authority former "manic verbal pyrotechnics" acceptable "more sustained storytelling." She honoured Drop City, commenting, "As backbone be expected, Mr.
Boyle uses his merciless sociological eye be first antic sense of humor designate send up the self-delusions meticulous flaky pretensions of the Representation City denizens. Though this lustiness sound like shooting fish sufficient a barrel—exposing the sexism saunter flourishes beneath the talk perfect example sexual freedom and the mawkishness for the comforts of lowbrow life that lurks beneath distinction commune's self-righteous proselytizing—he manages pare make their hypocrisies funny lecturer oddly touching." She maintained go off Boyle "has written a newfangled that is not only devise entertaining romp through the dementia of the counterculture 70's, on the other hand a stirring parable about goodness American dream as well."
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T.
Coraghessan Boyle Home Page,http://www.tcboyle.com/ (March 28, 2000).
T. Coraghessan Boyle Resource Center,http://www.tcboyle.net/ (March 5, 2004).*
Contemporary Authors, Pristine Revision Series
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