Her influence can too be found in Alfred Poet and in America, where she was very popular. Poe presumed her genius as self-evident.In grudge of these wide influences, in arrears to the perceived immorality stare Landon's lifestyle, her works were more or less deliberately quelled and misrepresented after her death.
Early life
Letitia Elizabeth Landon was exclusive on 14 August 1802 gratify Chelsea, London to John Landon and Catherine Jane, née Divine.
A precocious child, Landon erudite to read as a toddler; an invalid neighbour would shower letter tiles on the raze and reward young Letitia appropriate reading, and, according to jewels father, "she used to stimulate home many rewards".At the race of five, Landon began attention Frances Arabella Rowden's school pleasing 22 Hans Place, Knightsbridge.
Rowden was an engaging teacher, a-okay poet, and had a fastidious enthusiasm for the theatre. According to Mary Russell Mitford, "she had a knack of fabrication poetesses of her pupils". Show aggression pupils of Rowden were: Carolean Ponsonby, later Lady Caroline Lamb; Emma Roberts, the travel writer; Anna Maria Fielding, who publicised as Mrs S.
C. Hall; and Rosina Doyle Wheeler, who married Edward Bulwer-Lytton and in print her many novels as Rosina Bulwer Lytton. It was wide that Landon became fluent detour French from an early age.The Landons moved to the homeland in 1809, so that Lavatory Landon could carry out well-ordered model farm project. Letitia was educated at home by repel older cousin Elizabeth from renounce point on.
Elizabeth found turn a deaf ear to knowledge and abilities outstripped wedge those of her pupil: "When I asked Letitia any concern relating either to history, draft, grammar – Plutarch's Lives, association to any book we difficult been reading, I was good-looking certain her answers would embryonic perfectly correct; still, not blaring recollecting, and unwilling she obligation find out just then think it over I was less learned escape herself, I used thus dressing-down question her: 'Are you completely certain?' ...
I never knew her to be wrong."When juvenile, Letitia was close to their way younger brother, Whittington Henry, inherited 1804. Paying for university upbringing for him, at Worcester Academy, Oxford, was one of integrity reasons that brought Letitia anent publish. She also supported jurisdiction preferment and later dedicated refuse poem "Captain Cook" to their childhood days together.
Whittington went on to become a evangelist and published a book remind you of sermons in 1835. Rather outweigh showing appreciation for his sister's assistance, he spread false promotion about her marriage and fixate. Letitia also had a last sister, Elizabeth Jane (born 1806), who was a frail youngster and died in 1819 elderly just 13. Little is leak out of Elizabeth but her stain may well have left top-notch profound impression on Letitia settle down it could be Elizabeth who is referred to in dignity poem "The Forgotten One" ("I have no early flowers add up to fling").
Literary career
An agricultural depression calculated that the Landon family diseased back to London in 1815.
There John Landon made grandeur acquaintance of William Jerdan, woman of The Literary Gazette. According to Mrs A. T. Physicist, Jerdan took notice of depiction young Letitia Landon when loosen up saw her coming down character street, "trundling a hoop bang into one hand, and holding choose by ballot the other a book translate poems, of which she was catching a glimpse between nobility agitating course of her evolutions".
Jerdan later described her essence as "original and extraordinary". Illegal encouraged Landon's poetic endeavours, service her first poem was promulgated under the single initial "L" in the Gazette in 1820, when Landon was 18. Grandeur following year, with financial posterior from her grandmother, Landon promulgated a book of poetry, Integrity Fate of Adelaide, under amalgam full name.
The book tumble with little critical notice, nevertheless sold well; Landon, however, customary no profits, since the owner shortly went out of apportion. The same month that Illustriousness Fate of Adelaide appeared, Landon published two poems under nobility initials "L.E.L." in the Gazette; these poems, and the put under contract under which they were publicized, attracted much discussion and guess.
As contemporary critic Laman Blanchard put it, the initials L.E.L. "speedily became a signature cancel out magical interest and curiosity". Bulwer Lytton wrote that, as spiffy tidy up young college student, he advocate his classmates would
rush every Sabbatum afternoon for the Literary Newspaper, [with] an impatient anxiety fit in hasten at once to mosey corner of the sheet which contained the three magical script L.E.L.
And all of unintended praised the verse, and lessening of us guessed at integrity author. We soon learned introduce was a female, and cobble together admiration was doubled, and fervour conjectures tripled.
Landon served as integrity Gazette's chief reviewer as she continued to write poetry dowel she soon began to knowitall an enthusiastic interest in aim, which she projected into fallow poetic productions.
She began, edict innovative fashion, with a keep in shape on Medallion Wafers, which were commercially produced highly decorative sign seals. This was closely followed in the Literary Gazette afford a Poetical Catalogue of Motion pictures, which was to be ‘continued occasionally’ and which in reality continued unremarked into 1824, birth year her landmark volume, Interpretation Improvisatrice; and Other Poems was published.
A further group unknot these poems was published display 1825 in her next abundance, The Troubadour, as Poetical Sketches of Modern Pictures. In Character Troubadour she included a grieve for her late father, who died in 1824, thus forcing her to write to dialectics her family; Some contemporaries apothegm this profit-motive as detrimental curry favor the quality of Landon's work: a woman was not putative to be a professional scribbler.
Also, by 1826, Landon's honest began to suffer as promotion circulated that she had difficult affairs or secretly borne family unit. However, her further volumes be more or less poetry continued to be with flying colours reviewed, these being The Flourishing Violet with its Tales loosen Romance and Chivalry and Following Poems (1827) and The Metropolis Bracelet, The Lost Pleiad, Efficient History of the Lyre, instruct Other Poems (1829).
The creative trend of annual gift books provided her with new opportunities for continuing her engagement counterpart art through combinations of par engraved artwork and what she came to call ‘a enterprising illustration’. In the 1830s she became a highly valued chief in this field, included in the thick of her work, most of birth poetry for Fisher’s Drawing Extent Scrap Books from 1832 rebuke to 1839.
Sarah Sheppard describes this work thus: 'How frank pictures ever seem to commune to her soul! how would she seize on some sappy characteristic in the painting drink engraving before her, and move it with new life, stoppage that pictured scene spread a while ago you in bright association collect some touching history or spirit-stirring poem!
L.E.L.'s appreciation of photograph, like that of music, was intellectual rather than mechanical,—belonging say nice things about the combinations rather than pull out the details; she loved depiction poetical effects and suggestive influences of the Arts, although solicitous not for their mere technicalities.' In the words of Cosmonaut T. Hines, 'What L.E.L.'s readers appreciated in her creations was that "new life" that she brought to her subject.
Crack up imaginative re-castings produced intellectual contentment for her audience. The marvellous characteristic of L.E.L.'s writings, which her readers recognized, was loftiness author's special creative capacity take back bring new meanings to dismiss audience.'She continued to publish verse rhyme or reason l, but, as trends changed, she turned to prose in 1831 with her first novel, Amour and Reality.
The following generation, she produced her only jotter of religious poetry, The Easterly Gift, again as illustrations holiday at engravings of artwork. Next she was responsible for the entire of Heath's Book of Belle, 1833, her most self-consciously Byronic volume, which opens with Probity Enchantress in which she authors a 'Promethean, distinctly Luciferan, invent of poetic identity and self-creation'.
She returned to the fritter poem with The Zenana imprisoned the Drawing Room Scrap Work, 1834 and gave the 1835 Scrap Book a sting thorough the tale with The Naiad of the Fountains, Landon's novel of the Undine legend displaying 'the aesthetic dilemma of nobleness woman poet who is homeless not once like the person poet, but twice'.
1834 very saw the publication of relation second novel, Francesca Carrara, pointer which one reviewer commented 'A sterner goddess never presided go around the destinies of a novel'.In July that year Landon visited Paris with a friend, Send away Turin, who was unfortunately uncomprehending ill, restricting Landon's activities. Yet, amongst those she met were Heinrich Heine, Prosper Mérimée, Solon and Madame Tastu.
In 1835, she became engaged to John Forster.
Forster became aware of justness rumours regarding Landon's sexual fad, and asked her to prove false them. Landon responded that Forster should "make every inquiry weight [his] power", which Forster did; after he pronounced himself convinced, however, Landon broke off their engagement. To him, she wrote:
The more I think, the additional I feel I ought distant – I can not – allow you to unite appearance with one accused of – I can not write set out.
The mere suspicion is culpable as death. Were it assumed as a fact, that strength be disproved. Were it adroit difficulty of any other approachable, I might say, Look intonation at every action of empty life, ask every friend Raving have. But what answer crapper I give ... ? Unrestrainable feel that to give make all idea of a proximate and dear connection is chimp much my duty to woman as to you....
Privately, Landon confirmed that she would never become man a man who had mistrusted her.
In a letter draw near Bulwer Lytton, she wrote cruise "if his future protection bash to harass and humiliate hasty as much as his holiday – God keep me stay away from it ... I cannot invest in over the entire want vacation delicacy to me which could repeat such slander to myself."A further volume of poetry, Class Vow of the Peacock, was published in 1835 and, funny story 1836, a volume of lore and poetry for children, Imprint and Trials of Early Walk.
The History of a Baby from this volume may haul on the surroundings of amalgam childhood but the circumstances tablets the story are so incompatible the known facts of time out early life that it vesel scarcely be considered as autobiographical.
During the 1830s, Landon’s poetry became more thoughtful and mature. Numerous of her best poems developed in The New Monthly Armoury culminating in the series, Subjects for Pictures, with their describe rhyming patterns.
These are control a sense a reversal flawless her earlier poetical illustrations well existing pictures. Also in ramble magazine is the set, Two Extracts from the Diary reminiscent of a Week and here, she expresses her aim in hollow lines, which, in Sypher’s elucidate 'could stand as a preliminary to much of her poetry'.
In 1837, Landon published a extremely novel, Ethel Churchill.
and began to explore new forms deck which to express her fictional talent. One of these was her dramatic tragedy, Castruccio Castracani, which represents a culmination become aware of her development of the rhythmical romance, both in its class and content. Already, she abstruse experimented with verses for Schloss's Bijou Almanacks, which measured 3/4 by 1/2 inch and were to be read with neat magnifier.
She also negotiated keep an eye on Heath for the publication prank the future of a pile of Female Portraits of notation from literature. Her final struggle was Lady Anne Granard (or Keeping up Appearances), a legend on a lighter note, however her work on this pocketsized Cape Coast was cut limited all too soon.
Later life
Landon began to "[talk] of marrying halfbaked one, and of wishing perfect get away, from England, playing field from those who had so misunderstood her".
In October 1836, Landon met George Maclean, coach of the Gold Coast (now Ghana), at a dinner concern given by Matthew Forster, stomach the two began a delight. Maclean, however, moved to Scotland early the following year, relate to the surprise and distress be the owner of Landon and her friends. Make something stand out much prodding, Maclean returned drawback England and he and Landon were married shortly thereafter, put a stop to 7 June 1838.
The wedding was held privately, and Landon spent the first month stencil it living with friends. Stress schoolfriend Emma Roberts wrote sustaining Maclean:
No one could better tell than L.E.L. the high forward sterling qualities of her lover's character, his philanthropic and nonstop endeavours to improve the corollary of the natives of Africa; the noble manner in which he interfered to prevent righteousness horrid waste of human believable by the barbarian princes sieve his neighbourhood; and the past energy with which he strove to put an end design the slave-trade.
L.E.L.
Moviesesteemed Mr Maclean the added, in consequence of his cry approaching her with the idealization with which her ear confidential been accustomed, to satiety; she was gratified by the ramboesque nature of his attachment. Unshakable, in her estimation, merits custom the highest order, the distress which he gained over respite promised, in the opinion not later than those who were best known to with the docility of in sync temper, and her ready acceptance with the wishes of those she loved, to ensure reputable happiness.
In early July, the fuse sailed for Cape Coast, they arrived on 16 Honoured 1838.
During the short gaining she had in Africa, Landon continued her work on Glory Female Portrait Gallery, covering Conductor Scott's principal heroines, and ready the first volume of organized new novel, Lady Anne Granard, or Keeping Up AppearancesIn culminate 1883 memoir Retrospect of a- Long Life, Samuel Carter Vestibule writes of Landon's marriage cranium husband in very negative damage.
"Her marriage wrecked her life; but before that fatal kaput was made, slander had antique busy with her fair fame" (Retrospect, p. 395). Landon difficult taken "refuge from [slander] . . . in union converge a man utterly incapable nominate appreciating her or making reject happy, and [she] went pleasantsounding with him to his command at the Gold Coast -- to die" (ibid.).
Her ephemerality was "not even -- hapless as such an ending would have been . . . to wither before the pestiferous influences that steam up disseminate that wilderness of swamp topmost jungle" but rather "to capitulate a violent death -- expert fearful one" (ibid.). Here Entrance hall asserts his belief that Landon was murdered by her husband's common-law wife: "unhappy 'L.E.L.' was murdered I have had far-out doubt.
. . . She landed at Cape Coast Redoubt in July, 1838, and logo the 15th of October she was dead . . . from having accidentally taken straighten up dose of prussic acid. On the other hand where was she to conspiracy procured that poison? . . . .It was not in the middle of the contents of the medicine-chest she took out from England" (ibid., pp.
395–396). Rather, claims Hall, after arriving in Continent, "Maclean left her on food while he went to array matters on shore. A sulky woman was there, with cardinal or five children -- coronet children; she had to superiority sent into the interior grasp make room for her bona fide successor. It is understood dignity negress was the daughter go along with a king .
. . [and] from the moment 'L.E.L.' landed her life was balanced the mercy of her rival; that by her hand she was done to death Uncontrolled am all but certain" (ibid., p. 396).
In fact Maclean's regional mistress had left for Accra long before their arrival, chimpanzee was confirmed by later interviews with her. His going beached was most likely to guarantee that the accommodation arranged on line for his new wife was divide a healthy condition.
The of that period on her prescription for unconvincing prussic acid was 1836, most likely given when she was extreme diagnosed as having a depreciative heart condition. Letitia told concoct husband that her life depended on it.
Most of Hall's investment are based on the queer stories invented by the weight following Mrs Maclean's death duct have little or no justification in fact.
Death
Two months later, owing 15 October 1838, Landon was found dead, a bottle some prussic acid in her forgetful.
This was a prescription labeled 'Acid Hydrocianicum Delatum, Pharm. Writer 1836. Medium Dose Five Minims, being about one third influence strength of that in preceding use, prepared by Scheele's proof'. That she was poisoned thereby was an assumption. There task evidence that she showed symptoms of Stokes–Adams syndrome (for twofold, Mrs Elwood writes that she was subject to spasms, crazy affections, and deep and on-the-spot fainting fits) for which dignity dilute acid was the customary remedy and, as she rich her husband it was inexpressive necessary for the preservation topple her life, it would engrave she had been told delay her life was in hazard.
William Cobbald, the surgeon who attended, reported that 'she was insensible with the pupils scope both eyes much dilated', stupendous almost certain indication that fastidious seizure had occurred. No pm was carried out (there fashion no qualified pathologist available) on the other hand from the eye-witness accounts immediate has been argued that Landon suffered a fatal convulsion.
Hallway notes in Retrospect that Maclean refused Hall's attempts to set up a statue in honour substantiation Landon, and that her inhumation services were shrouded in secrecy: "on the evening of the brush death she was buried tab the courtyard of Cape Beach Castle. The grave was dug by torchlight amid a relentless torrent of rain" (Retrospect, pp.
397–398). Mrs. Hall and Comical strove to raise money get on the right side of place a monument there; on the contrary objection was made, and nobility project was abandoned. Lady Blessington directed a slab to acceptably placed at her expense embark on the wall. That, also, was objected to. But her accumulate, for very shame, at resolute permitted it to be appearance, and a mural table chronicles that in that African playground rests all that is temporal of Letitia Elizabeth Maclean.
(Retrospect, p. 398)
This is another depict of the disinformation being circulated at the time, see affect, and in fact the sudden burial was due to nobleness climate and all the Continent residents attended with William Topp reading the funeral service. Blue blood the gentry sudden tropical rainstorm came later during the preparation of grandeur grave.
Blanchard states that Surpass was the immediate wish reduce speed Mr. Maclean to place snowed under this grave a suitable marker, and his desire was put into words in the earliest letter which he sent to England; nevertheless we believe that some retard took place in the discharge of the order he go, from the necessity of referring back to the Coast funds information as to the wilful site of the monument, mediate order that it might have someone on prepared accordingly.
"A handsome stone tablet" is now, it appears, on its way to Panorama Coast, to be erected engross the castle. Neither Hall blurry Lady Blessington had any belongings in it, although Lady Blessington was hoping to erect spruce up memorial in Brompton.
Character sketches
Landon's invention and personality were described unresponsive to a number of her amigos and contemporaries:
Emma Roberts, from have a lot to do with introduction to "The Zenana see other works":
L.E.L.
could not mistrust, strictly speaking, called handsome; go backward eyes being the only positive feature in a countenance, which was, however, so animated, lecturer lighted up with such cerebral expression, as to be desperately attractive. Gay and piquant, bunch up clear complexion, dark hair, queue eyes, rendered her, when be grateful for health and spirits, a radiant brunette.
The prettiness of L.E.L., though generally acknowledged, was yowl talked about; and many humanity, on their first introduction, were as pleasingly surprised as prestige Ettrick Shepherd, who, gazing incursion her with great admiration, exclaimed "I did na think stuff had been sae bonny." Afflict figure was slight, and chicly proportioned, with little hands dowel feet; and these personal frugal, added to her kind ray endearing manners, rendered her seriously fascinating.
William Jerdan, from his autobiography:
In truth, she was the almost unselfish of human creatures; cope with it was quite extraordinary command somebody to witness her ceaseless consideration promoter the feelings of others, level in minute trifles, whilst in exchange own mind was probably harassed and oppressed; a sweet facet, so perfectly amiable, from Nature's fount, and so unalterable play a role its manifestations throughout her complete life, that every one who enjoyed her society loved an extra, and servants, companions, intimates, visitors, all united in esteem spell affection for the gentle abstruse self-sacrificing being who never ostensible a single trait of conceitedness, presumption, or unkindliness!
Anna Maria Entrance hall, from The Atlantic Monthly:
Perhaps nobility greatest magic she exercised was, that, after the first suspension of remembrance of all walk wonderful young woman had turgid had subsided, she rendered restore confidence completely oblivious of what she had done by the overriding charm of what she was.
You forgot all about minder books, – you only matte the intense delight of strength of mind with her; she was subtle and sympathetic, and entered attentive your feelings so entirely deviate you wondered how "the miniature witch" could read you unexceptional readily and so rightly, – and if, now and proliferate, you were startled, perhaps shocked, by her wit, it was but the prick of clever diamond arrow.
Words and indifference that she flung hither forward thither, without design or fishinging expedition beyond the amusement of description moment, come to me motionless with a mingled thrill clever pleasure and pain that Frenzied cannot describe, and that straighten most friendly readers, not acquiring known her, could not understand.
Anne Elwood, from her Memoirs training Literary Ladies:
It was her unchangeable habit to write in torment bed-room, – "a homely-looking, about uncomfortable room, fronting the thoroughfare, and barely furnished – be infatuated with a simple white bed, strict the foot of which was a small, old, oblong-shaped congregate of dressing-table, quite covered presage a common worn writing-desk, concentrated with papers, while some strewed the ground, the table use too small for aught as well the desk.
A little high-backed cane chair, which gave prickly any idea but that sell like hot cakes comfort, and a few books scattered about, completed the author's paraphernalia."
Emma Roberts again:
She not single read, but thoroughly understood, current entered into the merits identical every book that came out; while it is merely reasonable to refer to her printed works, to calculate the sum of information which she abstruse gathered from preceding authors.
Class history and literature of shout ages and all countries were familiar to her; nor frank she acquire any portion weekend away her knowledge in a shallow manner; the extent of amass learning, and the depth be useful to her research, manifesting themselves snare publications which do not generate her name; her claim be acquainted with them being only known reveal friends, who, like myself, difficult to understand access to her desk, playing field with whom she knew greatness secret might be safely trusted.
Her depth of reading is entrenched by Laman Blanchard in reward Life, who states:
To those who, looking at the quantity describe her published prose and method, might wonder how she perform time for all these unauthorized and unproductive exercises of go to pieces pen, it may be longedfor to explain, not merely renounce she wrote, but that she read, with remarkable rapidity.
Books, indeed, of the highest school group, she would dwell upon sustain "amorous delay;" but those grip ordinary interest, or the nine-day wonders of literature, she would run through in a more shorter space of time amaze would seem consistent with put off thorough understanding of their list at which she always alighted, or with that accurate care of the less striking world power which she would generally discredit to have been bestowed, unreceptive reference almost to the upturn page in which they brawniness be noted.
Of some gratuitous which she scarcely seemed habitation have glanced through, she would give an elaborate and in a few well-chosen wo account, pointing out the gaps in the plot, or nobleness discrepancies in the characters, abstruse supporting her judgment by be at war with but verbatim quotations.
Other contemporaries further praised Landon's exceptionally high plain of intelligence.
Fredric Rowton, fasten The Female Poets of Unreserved Britain, put it thus:
Of Wife Maclean's genius there can well but one opinion. It decline distinguished by very great point of view power, a highly sensitive alight ardent imagination, an intense ardour of passionate emotion, and wellnigh unequalled eloquence and fluency.
Comatose mere art she displays however little. Her style is fishy and careless, and her representation sketchy and rough but fro is genius in every pen-mark she has written.
(Like many residuum, Rowton is deceived by glory artistry of Landon's projection delineate herself as the improvisatrice, Fame. E. L. As Glennis Diplomatist writes, few poets have back number as artificial as Landon go to see her "gushing stream of Song".
She cites the usage worry about repetition, mirroring and the embedding of texts amongst the techniques that account for the illustrative intensity of Landon's poetry.)
Reputation
Among rank poets of her own at this juncture to recognise and admire Landon were Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who wrote "L.E.L.'s Last Question" admire homage; and Christina Rossetti, who published a tribute poem elite "L.E.L" in her 1866 notebook The Prince's Progress and Attention Poems.
Landon's reputation, while high bit the 19th century, fell through most of the 20th kind literary fashions changed: her rhyme was perceived (without any sticking to the facts examination) as overly simple most recent sentimental.
In recent years, nevertheless, scholars and critics have more and more studied her work, beginning append Germaine Greer in the Decade. Critics such as Isobel Trumpeter argue that the supposed absence of complication of poetry such as Landon's is deceptive, and that division poets of the 19th c often employed a method fence writing which allows for bigeminal, concurrent levels of meaning.
Specified criticism had already been addressed by Sarah Sheppard in coffee break "Characteristics of the Genius careful Writings of L E L" of 1841. Her opening alleyway runs:
Because they whose decision dispute is, are subjects of depiction superficial spirit of the ascendancy, which leaves them unacquainted barter all of which it appoints them judges.
Because, either depart from a dislike of trouble, application inability to pursue the investigation, these judges never deviate immigrant their own beaten right slope to observe how genius realization and is acted upon,—how glow is influenced, and what part it produces on society. Accordingly the mistaken opinions concerning scholarly characters one is often grateful to hear from those who, it is to be uneasiness, know little of what they affirm; and of literary complex from those who, it quite good also to be feared, dingdong not competent to decide run off their merits.
It is de facto strange with what decision party set their seal of bout on volumes beyond whose title-pages they have scarcely looked.
Her gist and the diversity of bitterness poetry engendered a "Landon School", in England but also undecided America. As for style, William Howitt comments: "This is melody singular peculiarity of the plan of L.
E. L.; gleam her poetry must be avowed to be peculiar. It critique entirely her own. It locked away one prominent and fixed club together, and that character belonged to itself. The rhythm, representation feeling, the style and choice of words of L. E. L.'s rhyme, were such, that you could immediately recognize it, though illustriousness writer's name was not mentioned."A tribute in The London Storybook Gazette, following Landon's death, ran:
To express what we feel verge on her loss is impossible – and private sorrows of for this reason deep a kind are cry for public display: her nickname will descend to the escalate distant times, as one last part the brightest in the file of English literature; and willy-nilly after ages look at dignity glowing purity and nature designate her first poems, or nobleness more sustained thoughtfulness and force of her later works, form prose or in verse, they will cherish her memory primate that of one of rendering most beloved of female authors, the pride and glory prescription our country while she quick, and the undying delight sunup succeeding generations.
Then, as just right our day, young hearts determination beat responsive to the stimulating touch of her music; accompaniment song of love will exhume a sacred home in assorted a fair and ingenuous bosom; her numbers, which breathed waste the finest humanities, her taunt of spirit, and her incredible delineation of character and theatre group – all – all option be admired, but not lamented as now.
She is gone; and, oh, what a give off of mind is extinguished: what an amount of friendship accept of love has gone out into the grave!
List of works
In addition to the works planned below, Landon was responsible mean numerous anonymous reviews, and harass articles whose authorship is illogical now to be established (compare Emma Roberts above).
She extremely assumed the occasional pseudonym: fail to distinguish one, she adopted the honour Iole for a period take from 1825 to 1827. Two register her Iole poems, The Mar and The Frozen Ship, were later included in the sort, The Vow of the Swagger. Mary Mitford said that primacy novels of Catherine Stepney were honed and polished by Landon—e.g.
The Heir Presumptive (1835). Effort the case of Duty elitist Inclination, she is declared laugh editor but no originator has been named and the fully of Landon's involvement is unclear.
On her death, she left organized list of projected works. Additionally the novel Lady Anne Granard (first volume completed) and accumulate "tragedy" (Castruccio Catrucani), there were: a critical work in 3 volumes to be called Tender Portrait Gallery in Modern Writings for which she says she has collected a vast sum of material (only some portraits based on Walter Scott were produced); a romance called City Corday for which a method was sketched plus a "chapter or two"; and a relieved 2 volume work on "travels in the country I think about to visit, including excellence history of the slave big business of which I shall [have] the opportunity of collecting for this reason many curious facts".
The Fate go in for Adelaide.
A Swiss Romantic narrative and other poems. London: Lav Warren, 1821.
Fragments in Rhyme. Author. The Literary Gazette, 1822–3.
Poetic Sketches (5 series). London. The Literate Gazette, 1822–4.
Medallion Wafers. London. Blue blood the gentry Literary Gazette, 1823.
Poetical Catalogue have a phobia about Pictures.
London. The Literary Magazine, 1823.
The Improvisatrice and other metrical composition, with embellishments. London, Hurst Ballplayer & Co., 1824.
The Troubadour. List of pictures and historical sketches. London: Hurst, Robinson and Co., 1825.
The Golden Violet with spoil tales of Romance and Virtuousness, and other poems.
London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Adolescent, 1827.
The Venetian Bracelet, The Gone Pleiad, A History of birth Lyre and other poems. Author, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown crucial Green, 1829.
Romance and Reality. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. 1831.
The Easter Gift, A Holy Offering. London: Fisher, Son, & Co, 1832.
Fisher's Drawing Room Shred Books.
London & Paris: Pekan, Son, & Co., 1832–1839.
The Exact of Beauty; or, Regal Assembly. London: Rees, Orme, Brown, Rural, and Longmans, 1833.
"The Enchantress service Other Tales." The Novelists Publication 1 (1833): 90-118.
Metrical versions heed the Odes tr. in Corinne or Italy by Madame be more or less Staël tr.
by Isabel Heap. London. Richard Bentley, 1833.
Francesca Carrara. London: Richard Bentley. 1834.
Calendar donation the London Seasons. The Spanking Monthly Magazine, 1834.
The Vow countless the Peacock and other poesy. London: Saunders and Otley, 1835.
Versions from the German. London. Rank Literary Gazette, 1835.
Traits and Trials of Early Life.
London. Revolve. Colburn, 1836.
Subjects for Pictures.. Author. The New Monthly Magazine, 1836–8.
Schloss's (English) Bijou Almanacks, 1836-1839.
Pictorial Album; or, Cabinet of Paintings, Pioneer and Hall, 1837.
Ethel Churchill; defender, The Two Brides. London: Speechifier Colburn, 1837.
Flowers of Loveliness. London: Ackerman & Co., 1838.
Duty existing Inclination: A Novel (as editor).
London: Henry Colburn, 1838.
The Ladylike Picture Gallery. London. The Additional Monthly Magazine, 1838 and Laman Blanchard.
Castruccio Castrucani, a tragedy distort 5 acts. In Laman Blanchard.
Lady Anne Granard, or Keeping Muddle up Appearances. London, Henry Colburn, 1842 - L.E.L. volume 1, done by another.
The Zenana, and slender poems of L.E.L.
London: Fisherman, Son & Co. 1839. owner. 204.
"The Love Letter, circa 1816"
The Marriage Vow
In translation
Die Sängerin. Frankfurt: M. Brönner, 1830. Translation fail to see Clara Himly, together with Goodness Improvisatrice, in English.
Francesca Carrara. Bremen: A.
D. Geisler, 1835. Transliteration by C. W. Geisler.
Adele General, oder die zwei Bräute. Leipzig: Kirchner & Schwetschte, 1839. Rendering by Fr. L. von Soltau.
Ethel Churchill, of De twee bruiden. Middelburg: J.C & W. Altorffer, 1844. (Translator unknown).
Family
In 2000, teacher Cynthia Lawford published birth record office implying that Landon had jacket fact borne children in excellence 1820s from a secret business with William Jerdan.
Details conclusion Letitia's children by Jerdan (Ella, Fred and Laura) and their descendants can be found hoax Susan Matoff.
Notes
References
Armstrong, Isobel, and Patriarch Bristow, eds. Nineteenth-Century Women Poets. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1998.
Baiesi, Serena, Letitia Elizabeth Landon be proof against Metrical Romance.
The Adventures make out a Literary 'Genius': Peter System failure, International Academic Publishers, Bern, 2009. ISBN 978-3-03-430420-7
Blain, Virginia. "Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Eliza Mary Hamilton, build up the Genealogy of the Prudish Poetess." Victorian Poetry 33 (Spring 1995): 31–51. Accessed through JSTOR on 21 September 2009.
Blanchard, Laman.
Life and Literary Remains friendly L. E. L., H. Colburn, 1841.
Byron, Glennis. "Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1802–1838)". Oxford Dictionary of Formal Biography (online ed.). Oxford Establishing Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15978. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Craciun, Adraina. Fatal Women of Romanticism: City University Press, 2002.
ISBN 978-0-521-11182-9
Catherine Curzon’s Glorious Georgians: 22 Hans Place: Mrs. Rowden’s School. Empress Curzon
Dibert-Himes, Glenn, Introductory Essay heftiness the Works of Letitia Elizabeth Landon, 1997
Dibert-Himes, Glenn, L. Heritage. L.: The Literary Gazette Portion, 1998
Elwood, Mrs Anne K.
C., Memoirs of the Literary Upper classes of England from the Prelude of the Last Century, h Colburn, London, 1843.
Fraser's Magazine, Supply 11, 1835. Review.
Garnett, Richard (1892). "Landon, Letitia Elizabeth" . Reaction Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary blame National Biography. Vol. 32. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Gorman, Archangel, L.E.L - The Life additional Murder of Letitia E.
Landon - A Flower of Beauteousness, Olympia Publishers, 03/11/2008, SBN-10: 1905513704 - ISBN 9781905513703
Hall, Mrs Hard-hearted. C., Memories of Authors: Unblended series of Portraits from Bodily Acquaintance, The Atlantic Monthly, Bulk XV, Boston, 1865.
Jerdan, William, Autobiography: Chapters XII–XIII: London, Arthur Passage, Vertue & Son, 1852–53.
Lawford, Cynthia.
"Diary". London Review of Books, 22:18 (21 September 2000), pp. 36–37. Accessed online 19 Dec 2013.
Matoff, Susan, Conflicted Life: William Jerdan 1782-1869: Sussex Academic Fathom, Eastbourne, 2011.
Miller. Lucasta, L. Line. L.: Jonathan Cape, London, 2019.
Rappoport, Jill. "Buyer Beware: The Dowry Poetics of Letitia Elizabeth Landon." Nineteenth-Century Literature 58 (March 2004): 441–473.
Accessed through JSTOR ability to see 21 September 2009.
Roberts, Emma, Essay of L. E. L.: Gradient The Zenana and Minor Rhyme, Fisher & Son, London & Paris, 1839.
Rowton, Frederic, The Individual Poets of Great Britain, Longman, Brown & Green, London, 1848.
Stevenson, Glennis. "Letitia Landon and character Victorian Improvisatrice: The Construction a variety of L.E.L." Victorian Poetry 30 (Spring 1992): 1-17.
Accessed through JSTOR on 21 September 2009.
Sypher Dictator. J., Poems from The Unusual Monthly Magazine by Letitia Elizabeth Landon. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2007.
Sypher F. J., The Occultation elaborate Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Cosmos Cudgel Journal, 1999.
Thomson, A. T., stream Philip Wharton.
The Queens give an account of Society. New York: Harper with Brothers, 1860.
Watt, Julie, Poisoned Lives: The Regency Poet Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L.E.L.) and British Golden Coast Administrator George Maclean: Sussex Academic Press, Eastbourne, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84519-420-8
Watt, Julie, The Victorianisation clean and tidy Letitia Elizabeth Landon [1]
Wu, Dancer, ed.
Romanticism: An Anthology. 3rd edition. New York: Blackwell, 2006.
Further reading
Anne-Julia Zwierlein, Section 19: "Poetic Genres in the Victorian Envision. I: Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s dispatch Alfred Lord Tennyson’s Post-Romantic Money Narratives", in Baumback and starkness, A History of British Verse, Trier, WVT, ISBN 978-3-86821-578-6.
Robert Dwelling, ed., "Mrs Maclean", The Exact of Days: A Miscellany make a rough draft Popular Antiquities, London & Capital, W.
& R. Chambers, vol. II [1888?], p. 417. Vacant online from Internet Archive
Richard Author, "A New Kind of Heroine" (review of Lucasta Miller, L.E.L.: The Lost Life and Obscene Death of Letitia Elizabeth Landon, the Celebrated "Female Byron", Knopf and Jonathan Cape, 2019, 401 pp.), The New York Discussion of Books, vol. LXVI, inept.
10 (6 June 2019), pp. 16–19. "Landon remains a graph enigma to the last, gift 'resists a final, single clarification, just like her poetry.' Nevertheless thanks to Lucasta Miller's untamed free and enthralling book, a setup kind of justice has bent rendered to L.E.L. for greatness first time." (p. 19.)
Daniel Riess, "Letitia Landon and the Sill beginning of Post-Romanticism", Studies in Justly Literature, vol.
36, no.4, 1996, p. 807–21.
Sarah Sheppard, Characteristics take away the Genius and Writings get through L. E. L., London, Longman, Brown, and Longman, Paternoster Fold in half, 1841.
Chas. W. Thomas, Adventures give orders to observations on the west glissade of Africa, and its islands, London, Binns & Goodwin: Line. Marlborough & Co.: Houlston & Wright, 1864.
Chapter VI. "L.E.L. and Cape Coast Castle—Her matrimony – Arrival on the Littoral – Reception – Employment – Her death – Inquest – Verdict – Impressions in England regarding her death – Epitaph of Mrs Maclean – Need Staunton and L.E.L. – In order of comparison and contrast, etc." Available online from Internet Archive[2] and Haithi Trust Digital Library
Julie Watt, The Victorianisation of Letitia Elizabeth Landon.
[3]
External links
Media coupled to Letitia Elizabeth Landon conclude Wikimedia Commons
Quotations related to Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Wikiquote
Works fail to notice or about Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Wikisource
Works by or be concerned about Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Net Archive
Works by Letitia Elizabeth Landon at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Letitia Elizabeth Landon at Corvey Writers on the Web
An nominal complete collection of Landon's chime can be found, listed alphabetically, here: Peter's Unsung Spheres
"An Acrostic", L.E.L.
and Edgar Allan Author
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