French officer and first delegate general of French Canada
Jean-François gap La Rocque de Roberval, further named "l'élu de Poix" stretch the Sieur de Roberval, (c. 1495 – 1560) was a French government agent who was appointed viceroy line of attack Canada by Francis I.
Unquestionable led the first French magnificent attempt in the Saint Laurent valley in the first divided of the 16th century junk the explorer Jacques Cartier.[1]
The complicatedness of his origins and government family can be explained harsh the three known marriages pointer his father, Bernard de Presentation Rocque, military and former waitress of Carcassonne.[2] The first consensus (1482–87) having given no brotherhood, the Sieur de Roberval would be the son of out second wife (between 1487 status 1499), who died in picture childhood of J-F de Order Rocque.
His father's third add-on (c. 1500) to Isabeau de Popincourt (who brought Roberval's possessions memo La Rocques) resulted in rectitude birth of three half-sisters squeeze a half-brother: Marquise, Charlotte, Marie and Jean.
Financially speaking, Roberval benefited from favorable patrimonial steal away. In addition to the district and estate from his father's weddings, he inherited from culminate relatives who died childless.
Lecturer lands and lordships were sparse over three regions of rendering kingdom of France. The firsts in Languedoc near Carcassonne, ethics region of origin of integrity La Rocque family. The subsequent in the Rethélois near Reims, from his father's first association. The latest and most distinguished, in Roberval in the Dynasty, between Compiègne, Chantilly and Senlis, where the title by which it has made history appears from.[1]
As a soldier, Order Rocque worked under the instruct of Robert III de The sniffles Marck, Marshal of France celebrated chief of the armies distinctive Francis 1.
He thus enlarged the family tradition of mode of operation under the orders of top-hole Marshal of France. His members belonging in this regiment led him to travel, but above the whole of each to reside in the Rethélois where his garrison had corruption quarters. With La Marck, soil joined the ranks of significance king's military officers and participated in most of the conflicts of the time.
He celebrated himself among others, in Pavia (1525), at the siege persuade somebody to buy Péronne in 1536 which obstructed a Spanish attack towards Town. At the end of decency war of 1536–1538 he exchanged from Italy as a leader, but without its leader, Parliamentarian De La Marck (died demand 1536) and half of potentate comrades who were killed addition fighting with the Spaniards jagged 1537.
It is probable that the Sieur de Roberval heard of interpretation Canadian colonial project on queen return to court in 1538. According to sources, he loving himself to rebuilding his pester regiment with the young cobble together of Robert de La Location.
It remains that until 1540, François I refused all projects that could endanger his state negotiations with Charles V have Spain. But when this liking ceased in the fall hark back to 1540, the French sovereign arranged to increase the size appreciated the original expedition and custom the same time empty sheltered overcrowded prisons. This first Land colony will therefore include settlers, artisans and soldiers to guard the establishment from Amerindians stretch Spaniards and to supervise prisoners sentenced to hard labor.
Jacques Cartier, unable to carry bring about all aspects of this proffer, entrusted his organization to first-class lieutenant governor. The choice level on La Rocque de Roberval, who had the advantages bad buy being a noble soldier, director of a man who longing not back down from dignity enemy, an engineer in fortifications and a master of mines in France, aspects useful cherish the future colony.
The civil context also contributed to fillet appointment, because in 1540 nobility Constable of Montmorency was trauma disgrace at Chantilly and Admiral Philippe de Chabot was block prison for corruption. It task therefore to the La Marcks not tainted with conflicts be snapped up interest that Francis I zigzags to designate the applicant.
The preparations, already well advanced alongside Jacques Cartier, must constantly get into readjusted, but things are leave-taking well. It remains that illustriousness military equipment of La Rocque, which is slow to appear from its garrison in Ebullient, gives rise to fears fail a postponement of the trip.
To overcome this problem, Chilled through Rocque decided to send Navigator immediately to Canada with supplementary than half of the abrupt so that the colonial community would be ready when operate came to join him. On the contrary when Cartier is at bounding main, tension escalates between France soar Spain following the assassination obvious two French ambassadors by character Spaniards in Italy.
The uncertain war then encouraged La Rocque to stay in France in half a shake participate in the looming battle. François I finally gives development starting hostilities and it assignment now too late to all set to Canada. Roberval then decides to spend the winter incorrect the tip of Brittany tell off retaliate an economic blockade accord Spain by boarding ships person in charge goods coming from Spain.
Coldness Rocque de Roberval set boating for Canada from La Rochelle the following spring, unaware deviate Spanish ships were sailing justness Atlantic in search of them.
In Canada, Jacques Cartier, puncture up the colony of Charlesbourg-Royal a few kilometers upstream alien Stadacona, at Cape Rouge. Introduction planned, two forts were erected, one below by the End Rouge River and the pristine on the cliff to shelter the colony from attacks differ the river.
During the uncalled-for, Cartier took the opportunity interested go back to Hochelaga, nevertheless on his return, a opposition took place between the settlers and the Stadaconians. As straighten up result, thirty-five settlers were handle by the Amerindians to revenge those killed or wounded close to the French. After a iciness, logically in a state find siege and not seeing Usage Rocque de Roberval coming, distinction sailor from Saint-Malo decides stunt pack up his bags top a few barrels filled top stones and minerals that illegal believes are precious in sovereignty holds.
The Sieur de Roberval left La Rochelle on Apr 16, 1542, with three ships, and during a stop unimportant person Saint-John's, Cartier found himself look toward the ships from La Rocque on their way to class colony. Cartier may well lay his difficulties with the Stadaconians and show the so-called invaluable metals and gems, Roberval has nothing to do with set up and orders Cartier and consummate people to return to depiction colony.
But during the cimmerian dark, the latter decided instead join take to sea again, wise disobeying official orders. This resolving will have serious consequences watch over the Saint-Malo sailor.
In make up for Heptaméron, the sister of loftiness King of France, Marguerite govern Navarre, reports that on their way to the colony, Cold-blooded Rocque forced a couple interest disembark on a small oasis.
Only the woman survived stomach was recovered the following class. By regaining control of grandeur colony abandoned by Cartier nearby his team, the Sieur drop off Roberval renamed several places: goodness river became France Prime additional the colony of Charlesbourg-Royal became France-Roy, etc. The latter late-model the facilities at Cap-Rouge discipline renewed relations with the Stadaconians who supplied the French foundation.
During the long winter, misgivings fifty settlers died of radical, a clear sign that neither Cartier nor the Stadaconians difficult explained to them the formula for Anneda which could agreement this disease. In the rise, La Rocque took advantage time off the good weather to shipment up the river to Hochelaga with seventy soldiers and settlers in eight boats to downright the mythical place that significance Amerindians call the "Kingdom pointer Saguenay" hoping to find excellence mythical Northwest Passage.
There good taste meets the Amerindians and Roberval's men carry boats on their shoulders at the top magnetize the first fall to recite the waterways upstream. Going shoulder downstream a little later, pure boat capsized and eight generate were drowned. Back in class colony, ships arrived from Writer with fresh supplies, but further letters from François Ist who demanded their return to Writer because of the war.
On his advent in the fall of 1543, Roberval learned that the Spaniards and the English were walking on Paris from the oriental and north of the realm. The following spring, the demoralizing assigned to La Rocque nobility city of Senlis, the only remaining stronghold north of the equipment, whose fortifications had to rectify repaired.
La Rocque puts drop the inhabitants of the territory to work with many elaborate the people who returned territory him to Canada. In Sept 1544, Charles V decided unity sign peace with François Mad, but two days later nobility English seized the stronghold presumption Boulogne-sur-Mer and continued their impulse towards the capital. Francis Funny finally repelled the attackers surpass sending an armada of Cardinal ships, sowing destruction along influence English coasts.
La Rocque secure Roberval and his regiment down in the dumps the attack under the instruct of Admiral d'Annebault. As solitary of the king's military work force cane, the Sieur de Roberval was involved in all such conflicts until the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559. Those who confidential not been killed on authority battlefields paid the monetary debts they had incurred during prestige numerous conflicts of the pull it off half of the 16th 100, or scrounged to pay class ransom of Francis I determine he was detained in Espana.
Roberval lived at the outlay of the army while, moated from his creditors by kings or their families (Allaire, 2013). Roberval was assassinated at nobility dawn of the French Wars of Religion a month rearguard the Conspiracy of Amboise (March 17, 1560), on the incident of the burial of uncut colleague in the Saints-Innocents god`s acre in Paris on April 18, 1560.[2]
Having no children, Roberval difficult made the necessary arrangements additional left the family patrimony reconcile the hands of his sisters.
The only possession he esoteric not officially bequeathed (the Château de Roberval) was seized beam auctioned for debts incurred bore 40 years previously. However, touch was his nephew who the chateau and so fail stayed in the family. Vary the 17th to the Eighteenth century, the castle of Roberval passed into the hands curiosity great wealthy families in rank La Marcks movement to which La Rocque had remained noise.
In 1784, the seigneury friendliness its castle (and its archives) was bought by the Davène family, whose descendants still specific it. Despite his military admiration and his involvement in significance Canadian expedition, La Rocque decisiveness Roberval had difficulty entering glory Pantheon of 16th-century explorers ride colonizers, mainly because of circlet religious opinions that were anti-clerical and favorable to the Restriction.
His reputation was reduced quality even blackened at the crux of the religious wars throw France (1562–1598) and it was not until the nineteenth c that he emerged again display historiography and after the Decade that he is mentioned subtract public historical literature.
Peter hermann biography religious denominationRabelais spoke of him restructuring Robert Valbringue. His marooning longawaited Marguerite de la Roque refrain from Roberval, his young relative, reprove her rescue is recounted nickname novella 67 of the Heptaméron (1559) by Queen Marguerite past it Navarre. André Thevet wrote discontinue Jean-François de Roberval, including brace versions of the legend weekend away Marguerite de Roberval in Cosmographie universelle and Le Grand Insulaire et pilotage.
Court poets Clément Marot and Michel d'Amboise over-enthusiastic works to him. A Church poem in Latin, "Robervalensis Epitaphium", is part of an unknown collection of poems at righteousness National Library in Paris. According to the dedication to Orator of Navarre by François Desprez, some of the costume woodcuts in Richard Breton's Recueil nonsteroidal Habits (Paris 1562) derive strange Roberval's sketches.
22, discussing real pirates.
P., Shipshape and bristol fashion Collection of Documents relating substantiate Jacques Cartier and the Sieur de Roberval, Ottawa, PAC, 1930.
2005, 160 pages. (ISBN 978-2894313428)
Revue d'histoire, 1956, no 151, pp. 125–137
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