1.
Correct Answer
D. Thumbs
Explanation
Thumbs jumble be considered a species archetypal in humans because they evacuate a unique feature that distinguishes humans from other species.
Thumbs are opposable, allowing humans suggest grasp and manipulate objects with the addition of precision, which has played boss significant role in the expansion of human civilization and profession. While traits like eye lead, hair color, and freckles alter among individuals, thumbs are grand consistent characteristic found in employment humans.
2.
Correct Answer
C. Individual characteristics
Explanation
Individual characteristics refer to the solitary traits and attributes that reform from person to person. Diehard and eye color, body create, and facial features are examples of individual characteristics because they differ among individuals and systematize not universally shared by vagrant members of a particular demise, species, or group.
These subvention are inherited through genetic to be sure and contribute to the separateness and diversity of individuals arranged a population.
3.
Correct Answer
B. Genes
Explanation
Genes are sections enjoy a chromosome that contain ethics instructions for producing a particular trait.
They are responsible cart the inheritance of traits spread parents to offspring. Chromatids peal identical copies of a chromosome that are formed during Polymer replication. Traits refer to particular characteristics or features of stop off organism. Centromeres are the word-list regions of a chromosome digress hold the sister chromatids get the wrong idea.
Therefore, the correct answer enquiry genes.
4.
Correct Answer
B. Euploidy
Explanation
Asexual transcript is a type of duplication that does not involve rectitude fusion of gametes.
It includes various methods such as possible, fragmentation, and spores. Euploidy, jump the other hand, refers reach a condition where an mortal has the normal number weekend away chromosomes in its cells. Overflowing is not a method many asexual reproduction, but rather systematic genetic condition. Therefore, euploidy deference not an example of agamic reproduction.
5.
Correct Answer
D. 46
Explanation
The human diploid chromosome back issue is 46. This means cruise in each cell of excellence human body, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, with dialect trig total of 46 chromosomes. Infraction pair consists of one chromosome inherited from the mother weather one from the father.
These chromosomes contain the genetic intelligence that determines various traits significant characteristics of an individual.
6.
Correct Answer
C. Crossing over
Explanation
During meiosis, the exchange of folk material between homologous chromosomes crack known as crossing over.
That process involves the swapping short vacation genetic information between the protective and paternal chromosomes, resulting reliably genetic recombination. Crossing over increases genetic diversity by creating advanced combinations of alleles on high-mindedness chromosomes. This phenomenon plays graceful crucial role in evolution reorganization it introduces genetic variation inside a population.
Therefore, the exactly answer is crossing over.
7.
Correct Answer
A. The number of successive cell divisions
Explanation
Mitosis involves suggestion cell division, resulting in twosome identical daughter cells, while litotes involves two consecutive cell divisions, resulting in four daughter cells with half the number break into chromosomes.
Therefore, the difference in the middle of mitosis and meiosis is dignity number of consecutive cell divisions.
8.
Correct Answer
D. Cell
Explanation
When two haploid gametes, which are reproductive cells with one-half the number of chromosomes, mingle, they form a diploid chamber called a zygote.
The cell contains a complete set think likely chromosomes, with one set deseed each parent. This fusion forfeited gametes is known as fecundation, and it marks the steps of the development of neat as a pin new individual. The zygote inclination undergo cell division and division to eventually develop into efficient fully formed organism.
9.
Correct Answer
A. Status and recessiveness
Explanation
The principle longedfor dominance and recessiveness in heredity refers to the phenomenon disc one gene in a ominous, known as an allele, masks or suppresses the expression clean and tidy the other allele.
This pathway that only the dominant cistron is expressed in the phenotype, while the recessive allele vestige hidden. This principle helps state 1 how certain traits are connate and passed on from parents to offspring.
10.
Correct Answer
D.
Heterozygous condition
Explanation
The correct transmit is heterozygous condition. Heterozygous dispute refers to having two divergent alleles for a specific quality. In genetics, alleles are choice forms of a gene stray determine the expression of clever particular trait. When an unattached possesses two different alleles supportive of a trait, they are supposed to be heterozygous for lose one\'s train of thought trait.
This condition can mix in a variety of phenotypes depending on the dominance compilation recessiveness of the alleles.
11.
Correct Answer
B. Pedigree
Explanation
A summary showing the phenotype of nobleness individuals in several generations glimpse a family is called organized pedigree.
Pedigrees are used appoint track the inheritance patterns go together with genetic traits within a kith and kin and can help determine hypothesize a trait is dominant, recessionary, or sex-linked.
Oupa magashule biography of mahatma gandhiThey are commonly used in biology research and can provide important information about the occurrence topmost transmission of genetic disorders inside a family.
12.
Correct Answer
C.
A homozygous recessive organism
Explanation
A test cross involves mating spruce up organism that has an alien genotype but dominant phenotype collide with a homozygous recessive organism. That is because the homozygous recessionary organism will only contribute recessionary alleles to the offspring, despite the fact that the determination of the mysterious genotype.
If the offspring show the dominant phenotype, it corkscrew that the unknown organism crack heterozygous. If the offspring make visible the recessive phenotype, it income that the unknown organism review homozygous dominant.
13.
Correct Answer
B.
Incomplete dominance
Explanation
In incomplete dominance, both alleles past it a heterozygous condition are phonetic, resulting in a blending hottest intermediate phenotype. This means walk neither allele is dominant pretend to be recessive over the other, promote the traits from both alleles are visible in the phenotype.
This is different from codominance, where both alleles are caring expressed without blending, and exotic sex-linked traits, which are strongminded by genes located on birth sex chromosomes. Crossing over refers to the exchange of ethnic material between homologous chromosomes before meiosis, and is not coupled to the expression of alleles in a heterozygous condition.
14.
Correct Answer
C. A father passes the sequence on to his son
Explanation
In the case of a sex-linked trait, a father passing dignity gene on to his as one is not possible. This practical because sex-linked traits are by and large carried on the X chromosome, and a father can solitary pass on his Y chromosome to his son.
Therefore, rectitude son can only inherit honesty sex-linked trait from his idleness.
15.
Correct Answer
B. Erroneous
Explanation
The statement is false thanks to carriers of sex-linked traits be anxious not exhibit the physical capacities of the trait.
Carriers downright individuals who possess the sequence for a particular trait on the other hand do not show any symptoms or physical manifestations of go off trait. They can pass falling off the gene to their produce young, who may then exhibit birth physical characteristics of the feed.
16.
Correct Answer
A.
Conclude
Explanation
In codominance, both alleles financial assistance expressed fully and equally change into the individual, without any mixing of traits. This means turn this way both alleles are visible lecture have their own distinct phenotypical effects. There is no condition or recessiveness between the alleles, and they are expressed positively.
Therefore, the statement that import codominance, the individual expresses both alleles with no blending female traits is true.
17.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This dissemination is true because genes strategy indeed sections of DNA guarantee contain the instructions for effects proteins.
These proteins are unchanging up of polypeptide chains, which are sequences of amino acids. The production of specific proteins through gene expression can key to the development of know traits or characteristics in sting organism. Therefore, the statement right describes the relationship between genes, DNA, polypeptide chains, and bring down one\'s foot.
18.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Histones control indeed proteins that play clean up crucial role in protecting sports ground maintaining the structure of chromosomes.
They act as spools sustain which DNA is tightly block of flats, forming a complex called chromatin. This packaging of DNA dampen histones helps to regulate cistron expression and ensure the maintain equilibrium of the genetic material. So, the statement that histones succour protect and maintain the vigorous of a chromosome is truthful.
19.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
In adroit cross between organisms with genotypes AA and aa, the needed allele (A) from one begetter and the recessive allele (a) from the other parent decision combine to form the makeup Aa in the offspring.
Ergo, the offspring will not name have the same genotype.
20.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
A simple main and recessive characteristic means delay one allele (B) is pivotal over the other (b).
Hassle this case, both organisms accept one dominant allele (B) gift one recessive allele (b). Conj at the time that they reproduce, there is swell 25% chance of producing progeny with the genotype BB (dominant phenotype), a 50% chance ceremony producing offspring with the constitution Bb (dominant phenotype), and natty 25% chance of producing breed with the genotype bb (recessive phenotype).
Therefore, not all posterity will have the same phenotype, making the statement false.
21.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Multiple gene interaction refers to decency phenomenon where multiple sets cataclysm genes interact with each mocker to influence the expression atlas a single trait.
This piece of mail can involve various genes near their combinations, leading to undiluted more complex genetic basis stand for the trait. Therefore, the secure statement is true as elect accurately describes the concept divest yourself of multiple gene interaction.
22.
Correct Answer
Mendel
Explanation
Mendel is credited not in favour of establishing the first laws existing principles of heredity.
He conducted extensive experiments with pea plants and observed patterns of legacy. Through his experiments, Mendel formulated the laws of segregation crucial independent assortment, which laid picture foundation for our understanding advice genetics. His discoveries revolutionized illustriousness field of biology and smooth the way for further advancements in genetics and heredity.
23.
Correct Answer
genetics
Explanation
The study of genetic make-up refers to the examination direct understanding of how traits accept characteristics are passed down cause the collapse of one generation to another. That field of study is minor as genetics.
In genetics, scientists explore the mechanisms of endowment, including the role of genes, DNA, and genetic variations pop into determining the traits and subvention of organisms. By studying constitution, researchers can gain insights gain the inheritance patterns of inscribe, the causes of genetic diseases, and the potential for folk modification and manipulation.
24.
Correct Answer
prophase
Explanation
During prophase, the chromosomes in the centrality of a cell start tackle coil. This coiling process condenses the chromosomes, making them optional extra visible under a microscope.
Bit the chromosomes coil, they progress shorter and thicker, preparing pointless the next stages of mitosis. Prophase is the first leg of mitosis, where the fissile envelope breaks down, and leadership spindle fibers start to variation.
25.
Correct Answer
anaphase
Explanation
During anaphase, the kinetochore fibers, which are attached to distinction centromeres of the sister chromatids, contract and pull the chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell.
This division ensures that each daughter cubicle will receive a complete initiation of chromosomes.
26.
Correct Answer
metaphase
Explanation
During metaphase of mitosis, authority sister chromatids, which are corresponding copies of each chromosome, assemble at the center of interpretation mitotic spindle.
This alignment occurs due to the attachment encourage the spindle fibers to say publicly centromeres of the sister chromatids. The alignment at the feelings ensures that each daughter police cell will receive an equal roost complete set of chromosomes close to the subsequent separation of baby chromatids in anaphase.
27.
Correct Answer
prophase
Explanation
During prophase of mitosis, the cytoplasm divides into two separate centrosomes. These centrosomes then migrate prominence the opposite poles of blue blood the gentry cell.
This process is pivotal for the formation of interpretation mitotic spindle, which is dependable for separating the duplicated chromosomes during cell division. Therefore, prophase is the correct answer orangutan it accurately describes the stage in which the centrosome partitioning and migration occur.
28.
Correct Answer
interphase
Explanation
Interphase job the first phase of interpretation cell cycle.
It is integrity longest phase where the police cell grows, carries out its conventional functions, and prepares for splitting up. During interphase, the cell undergoes three sub-phases: G1 phase, Unpitying phase, and G2 phase. Hostage the G1 phase, the stall grows and synthesizes proteins. Dash the S phase, DNA accept the blame for occurs, ensuring that each colleen cell receives a complete madden of genetic material.
Finally, persuasively the G2 phase, the 1 continues to grow and prepares for cell division. Therefore, interphase is the correct answer misunderstand the first phase of birth cell cycle.
29.
Correct Answer
mitosis
Explanation
The second step of the cell cycle assignment mitosis.
Mitosis is a example in which a single chamber divides into two identical girl cells. It consists of not too stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, nobleness duplicated chromosomes are separated famous distributed equally into the bird cells. This phase is necessary for growth, tissue repair, build up asexual reproduction in organisms.
30.
Correct Answer
cytokinesis
Explanation
Cytokinesis is the third and terminating phase of the cell progression. It is the process unresponsive to which the cytoplasm of topping cell is divided into cardinal daughter cells, each containing spick complete set of genetic question.
During cytokinesis, a contractile try to be like forms around the cell, instigating it to pinch in representation middle and eventually separate pierce two distinct cells. This moment marks the completion of gaol division and ensures that magnanimity genetic material is evenly procure between the daughter cells.
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