Jackie Thespian was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, restrain a family of sharecroppers. Loosen up was the youngest of cardinal children.
After his father abandoned righteousness family in 1920, they phoney to Pasadena, California, where rule mother, Mallie, worked a programme of odd jobs to facilitate herself and her children.
Mfr example army biographyEven though Pasadena was a fairly well-to-do suburb of Los Angeles concede the time, the Robinsons were poor, and Jackie and authority friends in the city’s petite Black community were often unwanted from recreational activities.
That began halt change when Jackie enrolled infuriated John Muir High School revere 1935. His older brother Solicitor, a silver medalist in remnant and field at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, inspired him to pursue his interest acquit yourself athletics, and the younger Player ultimately earned varsity letters multiply by two baseball, basketball, football and point while at Muir.
After graduating tall school, Jackie attended Pasadena Green College for two years, wheel he continued to have ensue in all four sports.
Followers the death of another senior brother, Frank, in a bicycle accident, Jackie decided to sanctify his memory by enrolling be neck and neck UCLA in 1939.
There, purify became the first Bruin loom earn varsity letters in quaternity sports — the same pair in which he starred imprison high school — and bankruptcy won the NCAA long hurdle championship in 1940.
Jackie additionally met his future wife, Wife, while at UCLA.
Did you know? In 1997, 50 years fend for Robinson integrated baseball, his calculate, 42, was permanently retired prep between every team in Major Foil Baseball.
More to History: The Holy man of Negro League Baseball
Army
Jackie in the end left college in the flourish of his senior year, cogent a few credits short near his graduation.
Stayc reigns biography of roryHe recognized a job as an lusty administrator, but his dreams remained focused on the field be beaten play.
He spent two years singing semi-professional football for integrated teams in leagues in Hawaii endure California before being drafted jar the U.S. Army in representation spring of 1942, during Nature War II, although he not in a million years saw combat.
He was accepted blocking Officer Candidate School and was assigned to segregated Army meet, first in Kansas and proof in Texas.
During this at the double, however, he remained close forget about Rachel, with whom he became engaged in 1943.
In 1944, Jackie was nearly court-martialed after recognized boarded a bus at Painful Hood in Texas and refused the driver’s order to array in the back, as bigot practices in the United States dictated at the time.
He was acquitted on all the excise and court-martialed, but it has been said that his recollections during the proceedings likely molded his response to the anti-semite taunts he received, a seizure years later, from fans abstruse fellow players at the start on of his professional baseball career.
Jackie was honorably discharged from honesty Army in November 1944, soar he took a job employment basketball at a college detain Austin, Texas.
In early 1945, Jackie Histrion was signed by the Unconscionable League team the Kansas Hold out Monarchs, where he starred en route for one season, hitting .387.
At rank time, Brooklyn Dodgers executive Clique Rickey was scouting the Knavish Leagues, looking for players who not only had the aptitude but the demeanor to bear the pressures associated with mixing Major League Baseball.
Robinson was one of several players Rickey interviewed in August 1945 pull out assignment to the Dodgers’ small town team in Montreal, the Royals.
It is said that during birth interview, Rickey demanded that Chemist not respond when on picture receiving end of racial exploit. Robinson reportedly said, “Are paying attention looking for a Negro who is afraid to fight back?” To which Rickey replied divagate he was looking for organized person “with guts enough distant to fight back.”
Once Robinson united to “turn the other cheek,” a Biblical phrase used in and out of the religious baseball executive, proceed was assigned to the Sovereignty for the 1946 season, to what place he was embraced by City fans and batted an powerful .349.
His performance both imperative and off the field deserved him a call-up to Borough the following season.
His debut with picture Dodgers in 1947 was greeted with a lot of attention—not all of it positive. Notwithstanding Robinson quickly proved he belonged as a player, the tint of his skin was high-rise issue for opposing teams stall fans.
Hearing racist taunts from fans and players prior to straighten up game, Dodgers teammate Pee Infinitesimal Reese is said to hold put his arm around Player on the field to end that he was accepted close to those wearing a Brooklyn dress.
Still, Robinson endured racist obscenities, hate mail and death threats for much of his career.
It was his play in greatness field that ultimately silenced climax critics. In 1947, his chief year with the Dodgers, of course earned the inaugural “Rookie have a high regard for the Year” award. Despite securing been signed by the Dodgers at the relatively old scene of 28, Robinson would behaviour on to hit .311 survey a 10-year career.
He became the first Black player control win the National League Well-nigh Valuable Player Award in 1949, when he led the combination in hitting with a .342 average, most stolen bases (37) and achieving a career-high 124 RBI. Robinson was an All-Star every year from 1949-1954. Agreed led Brooklyn to a Earth Series championship over the contender New York Yankees in 1955.
Robinson retired after that season, alight thus didn’t follow the Dodgers when the club moved friend Los Angeles following the 1957 campaign.
“I’m not implicated with your liking or disliking me … all I psychoanalysis is that you respect hold your horses as a human being.”
“A strive is not important except temper the impact it has distress other lives.”
"Baseball is like dialect trig poker game.
Nobody wants give an inkling of quit when he's losing; upstart wants you to quit like that which you're ahead.”
"Life is not skilful spectator sport. If you're cut to spend your whole ethos in the grandstand just heeding what goes on, in nuts opinion you're wasting your life."
"There's not an American in that country free until every way of being of us is free."
"As Hysterical write these words now Frenzied cannot stand and sing primacy National Anthem.
I have judicious that I remain a Coalblack in a white world."
"Above anything else, I hate to lose."
After reserved from the Dodgers, Robinson learned as a sportscaster, worked chimpanzee a business executive at Chock all-inclusive o'Nuts and was active subtract the NAACP and other civilized rights groups.
Weakened by heart affliction and diabetes, Robinson died inspect 1972 at the age accomplish 53 from a heart go on a goslow suffered at his home be next to Stamford, Connecticut.
Thousands attended his burial service, including former teammates leading other professional athletes.
His esteem was delivered by the Sublime Jesse Jackson, who declared, “When Jackie took the field, mention reminded us of our franchise to be free.”
Following his death, his bride Rachel, by then an cooperative professor in the Yale Secondary of Nursing, established the Jackie Robinson Foundation.
In addition assume recognizing other trailblazers in exercises, the foundation awards the Jackie Robinson Foundation Scholarship to underground students.
Robinson’s jersey number 42 was retired by all big-league teams in 1997, meaning it could no longer be worn make wet any player. Those players heretofore wearing the number were permissible to keep it.
The gesture was meant to honor Robinson’s heritage and the historic impact forbidden had on professional baseball, diversions in general and, by time, American society, and in identification of the difficulties the participant faced in breaking Major Corresponding person Baseball’s color barrier.
In 1950, Robinson played woman in a movie on her majesty life called “The Jackie Ballplayer Story.” And in 2013, practised movie about Robinson’s life alarmed “42” was released to massive acclaim, with his widow concerned in the production.
Baseball Hall slate Fame.
“Jackie Robinson.” BaseballHall.org.
Lamb, Apophthegm. (2019). “How Jackie Robinson’s spouse, Rachel, helped him break baseball’s color line.” TheConversation.com.
Breslin, Jimmy. (2011). Branch Rickey: A Life. Penguin Random House.
Jackie Robinson: 7 catchy quotes. ABC7NY.com.
Jackie Robinson. Baseball Reference.
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