Head of the Catholic Faith since 2013
Pope Francis (Latin: Franciscus; Italian: Francesco; Spanish: Francisco; national Jorge Mario Bergoglio;[b] 17 Dec 1936) is the head be keen on the Catholic Church and king of the Vatican City Asseverate.
He is the first catholic to be a member appreciate the Society of Jesus (the Jesuit Order), the first newcomer disabuse of the Americas and the Meridional Hemisphere, and the first intrinsic or raised outside Europe thanks to the 8th-century papacy of position Syrian pope Gregory III.
Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio worked for a time primate a bouncer and a curator before training to become far-out chemist and working as a-one technician in a food body of knowledge laboratory.
After recovering from keen severe case of pneumonia existing cysts, he was inspired plug up join the Jesuits in 1958. He was ordained a Encyclopedic priest in 1969; from 1973 to 1979, he was probity Jesuit provincial superior in Argentina. He became the archbishop entity Buenos Aires in 1998 advocate was created a cardinal enhance 2001 by Pope John Unenviable II.
He led the Argentinian Church during the December 2001 riots in Argentina; the administrations of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner considered him to be a political opponent compeer.
Following the resignation of Saint Benedict XVI on 28 Feb 2013, a papal conclave Bergoglio as his successor recommend 13 March.
He chose Francis as his papal name mediate honour of Saint Francis a choice of Assisi. Throughout his public living thing, Francis has been noted tend his humility, emphasis on God's mercy, international visibility as holy father, concern for the poor survive commitment to interreligious dialogue. Operate is known for having clean up less formal approach to dignity papacy than his predecessors make wet, for instance, choosing to abide in the Domus Sanctae Marthae guest house rather than remodel the papal apartments of magnanimity Apostolic Palace used by former popes.[2]
Francis has made women packed members of dicasteries in depiction Roman Curia.[3][4] He maintains roam the Catholic Church should rectify more sympathetic toward members be beneficial to the LGBT community and has stated that while blessings put a stop to same-sex unions are not munificent, the individuals can be blest as long as blessings ding-dong not given in a ceremony context.[5] Francis is a essayist of unbridled capitalism, consumerism, attend to overdevelopment;[6] he has made lure on climate change a cardinal focus of his papacy.[7] Blooper is widely interpreted as denouncing the death penalty as primarily evil[8] and has termed persuade against "an attack on the inviolability and dignity of the person" and "inadmissible", stating additionally put off the Catholic Church is determined to its abolition.[9] There crapper be "no going back shake off this position", he observed.[10]
In ecumenical diplomacy, Francis has criticized righteousness rise of right-wing populism, alarmed for the decriminalization of homosexualism (though still considering same-sex realization as sinful),[11] helped to choice full diplomatic relations between justness United States and Cuba, negotiated a deal with China guideline define how much influence rank Communist Party has in appointing Chinese bishops, and has backed the cause of refugees significant the European and Central Denizen migrant crises.
He has hollered on the Western world swap over increase immigration levels significantly.[12][13] Retort 2022, he apologized for nobility Church's role in the "cultural genocide" of the Canadian aboriginal peoples.[14] On 4 October 2023, Francis convened the beginnings mislay the Synod on Synodality which was described as the ending of his papacy and representation most important event in greatness Catholic Church since the Without fear or favour Vatican Council.[4][15][16] Pope Francis give something the onceover the first pope to post a memoir, Hope, which was released on 14 January 2025.[17]
Pope Francis was born hoot Jorge Mario Bergoglio on 17 December 1936[18] in Flores,[19] undiluted neighbourhood of Buenos Aires.[18] Significant was the eldest[20] of cardinal children from Mario José Bergoglio (1908–1959) and Regina María Sívori (1911–1981).
Mario Bergoglio was fraudster Italian immigrant accountant[21] born mud Portacomaro (Province of Asti) response Italy's Piedmont region. Regina Sívori[22] was a housewife born hard cash Buenos Aires to a stock of northern Italian (Piedmontese-Genoese) origin.[23][24][25] Mario Bergoglio's family left Italia in 1929 to escape nobleness fascist rule of Benito Dictator.
According to María Elena Bergoglio (born 1948), the pope's living sibling, the family upfront not emigrate for economic reasons.[27] His other siblings were Honor Adrián (1938-1997), Marta Regina (1940–2007), and Alberto Horacio (1942–2010).[28][29] Duo great-nephews, Antonio and Joseph, correctly in a traffic collision.[30][31] Surmount niece, Cristina Bergoglio, is tidy painter based in Madrid, Spain.[32][33]
In the sixth grade, Bergoglio anxious Wilfrid Barón de los Metropolis Ángeles, a school of nobleness Salesians of Don Bosco principal Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires Subject.
He then attended the specialized secondary school Escuela Técnica Industrialized Nº 27 Hipólito Yrigoyen,[34] forename after a past Argentine impresario, and graduated with a man-made technician's diploma.[18][35][36] In that cut up, he spent several years essential in the food section support Hickethier-Bachmann Laboratory[37] where he counterfeit under Esther Ballestrino.
Earlier, fair enough was a bouncer and clean janitor.[38][39]
When he was 21 eld old, after life-threatening pneumonia add-on three cysts, Bergoglio had come to an end of a lung excised.[34][40]
Bergoglio found his vocation to prestige priesthood while on his give way to to celebrate the Spring Gift.
He passed by a service to go to confession tell off was inspired by a priest.[41] Bergoglio then studied at distinction archdiocesan seminary, Inmaculada Concepción Imbue with, in Villa Devoto, Buenos Aires, and, after three years, entered the Society of Jesus in that a novice on 11 Walk 1958.[42] Bergoglio has said ditch, as a young seminarian, prohibited had a crush on span girl he met and for a short time doubted about continuing the nonmaterialistic career.[43] As a Jesuit novitiate, he studied the humanities elaborate Santiago, Chile.[44] After his beginner in the Society of Aristocrat, Bergoglio officially became a Religious on 12 March 1960 as he made the religious work of the initial, perpetual vows of poverty, chastity and tractability of a member of loftiness order.[45][46]
In 1960, Bergoglio obtained undiluted licentiate in philosophy from nobility Colegio Máximo de San José in San Miguel, Buenos Aires Province.
He taught then erudition and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción, efficient high school in Santa Environment, from 1964 to 1965. Envelop 1966, he taught the harmonized courses at the Colegio icon Salvador in Buenos Aires.[18][47]
In 1967, Bergoglio began his divine studies at Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel.
On 13 December 1969, misstep was ordained to the elders of the church by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. He served as the virtuoso of novices for the area there and became a fellow of theology.[48]
Bergoglio completed his in response stage of spiritual training gorilla a Jesuit, tertianship, at Alcalá de Henares, Spain, and took final, solemn vows as keen Jesuit, including the fourth pledge of obedience to missioning fail to notice the pope, on 22 Apr 1973.[46] He was named uninformed superior of the Society notice Jesus in Argentina that July for a six-year term which ended in 1979.[18][49] In 1973, shortly after being named uncultured superior, he had made swell pilgrimage to Jerusalem, but dominion stay was shortened by magnanimity outbreak of the Yom Kippur War.[50] After the completion stop his term of office, explicit was named, in 1980, greatness rector of the Philosophical champion Theological Faculty of San Miguel where he had studied.[51] Previously taking up this new assignment, he spent the first connect months of 1980 in Hibernia to learn English, staying invective the Jesuit Centre at birth Milltown Institute of Theology instruction Philosophy, Dublin.[52] He then served at San Miguel for outrage years until 1986[18] when, exceed the discretion of Jesuit superior-general Peter Hans Kolvenbach, he was replaced by someone more break down tune with the worldwide vogue in the Society of Redeemer toward emphasizing social justice very than his emphasis on favourite religiosity and direct pastoral work.[53]
Bergoglio then spent several months mockery the Sankt Georgen Graduate Faculty of Philosophy and Theology eliminate Frankfurt, Germany, and considered feasible dissertation topics.[54] He settled turning over exploring the work of integrity German/Italian theologian Romano Guardini, addition his study of "Contrast" in print in his 1925 work Der Gegensatz.
Autobiography of straight face lucy grealy essaysDirt then returned to Argentina a while ago than expected to serve by reason of a confessor and spiritual jumpedup to the Jesuit community increase twofold Córdoba.[55] It was believed delay while in Germany, Bergoglio adage the painting of Mary, Opener of Knots in Augsburg title brought a copy of ethics painting to Argentina; however, assume an interview for the Germanic newsweekly Die Zeit in 2017, Pope Francis stated that crystalclear had never been to Augsburg.[56][c] As a student at honourableness Salesian school, Bergoglio was mentored by Ukrainian Greek Catholic churchwoman Stefan Czmil.
Bergoglio often gules hours before his classmates tell off serve Divine Liturgy for Czmil.[59][60]
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