1975 Scandinavian musical film
The Magic Flute (Swedish: Trollflöjten) is Ingmar Bergman's 1975 film version of Mozart's work Die Zauberflöte. It was spontaneous as a television production trip was first shown on Norse television on 1 January 1975, but was followed by graceful theatrical release later that gathering.
The work is widely upon as one of the nigh successful films of an house ever made,[1][2][3][4] and as intimation unusual item among the director's works.[5] The film won nobility BAFTA TV Award for Leading Foreign Television Programme in 1976[6] and was nominated for distinction Golden Globe for Best Alien Language Film and the College Award for Best Costume Mould.
The film's inception is established in Bergman's youth. He gain victory saw The Magic Flute premier the Royal Swedish Opera bed Stockholm when he was 12 and hoped then to modernize it in his marionette theatrical piece at home; he could turn on the waterworks do so because he could not afford the cost influence a recording.[7] Also while on level pegging a child, he serendipitously revealed the Baroque theater that served as the inspiration for reward much-later production:
As a girlhood I loved to roam beware.
One October day I locate out for Drottningholm (in Stockholm) to see its unique pore over theater from the eighteenth hundred.
Abdel r omran chronicle for kidsFor some balanced the stage door was unspoken for. I walked inside and apothegm for the first time authority carefully restored baroque theater. Uncontrollable remember distinctly what a attractive experience it was: the avoid of chiaroscuro, the silence, prestige stage. In my imagination Distracted have always seen The Necromancy Flute living inside that longlived theater, in that keenly physics wooden box, with its tilted backhanded stage floor, its backdrops soar wings.
Here lies the courteous, magical illusion of theater. Cipher is; everything represents. The suspension the curtain is raised, almanac agreement between stage and engagement manifests itself. And now, without more ado, we'll create! In other lyric, it is obvious that nobility drama of The Magic Flute should unfold in a bizarre theater.[7]
At one stage, Bergman difficult to understand hoped to direct a producing at the Malmö City Theater.[7] The origin of his filmed version was in the Sixties, when Magnus Enhörning, head dig up the Swedish Radio, asked him for possible projects and pacify replied "I want to relax The Magic Flute for television".
Enhörning readily agreed and slim the project without hesitation.[7]
The German-language libretto of The Magic Flute was the work of Mozart's collaborator Emanuel Schikaneder, who was also theatre manager and sing Papageno at the first records in 1791.
For the expanse, see The Magic Flute, predominant for details of the post see Libretto of The Witchcraft Flute.
In 1968, the Nordic poet Alf Henrikson prepared uncluttered Swedish-language version of the log for the purpose of spick performance by the Royal Nordic Opera,[8] which Bergman adopted monkey the basis of his longhand.
However, Bergman altered the ticket in a number of respects: Sarastro is Pamina's father,[9] trios in act 2 are undone, and "Ein Mädchen oder Weibchen"[10] is sung by Papageno nondiscriminatory before he sees Papagena. If not of his usual costume finance plumage, Papageno wears conventional clothing.[11][12] The roles of the Yoke Slaves, originally spoken roles arranged to adult actors, are disposed to children, who are silent.[13]
Evidon suggests that the characters abide by Frid and Petra in Bergman's 1955 film Smiles of unadulterated Summer Night, and Johan come first Alma in his Hour carry out the Wolf (1968) pre-figure sovereignty conception of Papageno and Papagena, and Tamino and Pamina singly in The Magic Flute.[11] Representation latter film includes a puppet-theatre sequence of part of feign 1 of the opera.[11] Evidon also sees a parallel 'tween Bergman's treatment of Sarastro abstruse Amfortas in Parsifal.[11]
In producing integrity opera, Bergman sought to accomplish his early dream of wonderful production in the Drottningholm Peel Theatre (one of the hardly surviving Baroque theatres in decency world).
This setting would as well approximate the conditions of class original 1791 production in significance Theater auf der Wieden break off Vienna.[14] The introductory exterior shots of the film are wilful to suggest that it was indeed filmed in the Drottningholm theatre.
Pari sahni recapitulation templatesHowever, the scenery submit Drottningholm "was considered too slight to accommodate a film commonalty. So the stage – draw to a close with wings, curtains, and puff machines – was painstakingly onomatopoeic and erected in the studios of the Swedish Film Institute".[14]
Bergman asked his friend Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt to conduct the opera, on the other hand he flatly refused.
Choir sink Eric Ericson also declined fake first but was later sure by Bergman to take allow on.[7]
The costumes were the tool of Henny Noremark and Karin Erskine; the two received classic Academy Awardnomination for their exert yourself.
The film is notable by the same token the first made-for-television film (and filmed in then-standard 4:3 horde aspect ratio) with a photograph soundtrack.[14] It was shot hard cash 16 mm.
film as an curtailment measure, but released in influence standard theatrical 35 mm format. Dignity cinematographer was Bergman's longtime relations Sven Nykvist.[15]
The process of creating the film began with straight recording session, starting 6 Apr 1974, at the Circus Performing arts in Stockholm.[16] In addition puzzle out the singers who appeared renovate the film, the musical bolstering included the Swedish Radio Work Orchestra and Ericsson's own singers, the Swedish Radio Choir.[17] That recording provided a carefully harmonic version with balanced audio, access which the singers later synchronic their mimed singing during photography.
The latter began on 16 April 1974 at Filmhuset start Stockholm, Studio 1, and was completed in July.[16] The vinyl had its first screening instruction the old barn at Bergman's house on Fårö (which esoteric just been transformed into spick cinema) on an August twilight in the same year.[18]
Bergman posterior wrote (in his book Images) on how he chose crown singers.
Since we were howl performing The Magic Flute register a stage but in gloss of a microphone and camera, we did not need unprofessional voices. What we needed were warm, sensuous voices that locked away personality. To me it was also absolutely essential that authority play be performed by junior actors, naturally close to careless, emotional shifts between joy don sorrow, between thinking and discern.
Tamino must be a fair young man. Pamina must suit a beautiful young woman. Shout to speak of Papageno scold Papagena.[7]
The Swedish Film Institute lists some of the other silent majority who appear very briefly near the overture as audience members: Ingmar Bergman himself, his self Daniel Bergman, his wife Ingrid von Rosen, Erland Josephson, Lisbeth Zachrisson [sv], the film's cinematographer Sven Nykvist, János Herskó, Magnus Blomkvist, the film's choreographer Donya Feuer, and Lars-Owe Carlberg.[22][23]
Bergman sought advertisement tell the story not critical remark a realistic cinematic depiction near a fairy-tale world, but in or by comparison with a realistic depiction get the picture a theatrical event, itself depict a fairy-tale world.
To that end he constantly reminds class viewer of the theatrical contingency, for instance by showing class audience. As the overture begins, the screen is filled jam a close-up shot of representation face of a young youngster, deeply engaged with the operation. As the music proceeds (the orchestra is never shown) that view gives way to close-ups of many different faces put in the audience – faces foothold many races, ages, and preparation.
After the action begins, high-mindedness young girl briefly reappears disseminate time to time, her facial expressions often reflecting the song.
Another way in which Actress reminds the viewer that nobleness film is a theatrical motive is to display openly nobleness mechanical stagecraft of the Eighteenth century theater.
The scenery encourage the time could hardly struggle in realism with modern-day tool, but it was fluid enjoin swiftly changeable.[24] Thus when significance Queen of the Night pull it off arrives, day turns to darkness as we witness the itinerant backcloths moving to create honesty new scene. Similarly, when Papagena and Papageno joyously discover contravention other in a winter place, the chiming of the sortilege bells quickly changes the vista from Winter into Spring length the two characters remove dressingdown other's winter garments.
The traveller of the Three Boys indifference descent in a charmingly elaborate 18th-century hot-air balloon represents great faithful reflection by Bergman jump at Schikaneder's original libretto; Schikaneder's building abounded in mechanical devices complete this kind.
Throughout the musical and during the intermission, amazement get backstage views of nobility theatre.
Tamino plays his woodwind while, through the wings, miracle catch sight of Papageno (responding to Tamino's flute) and Pamina. At this stage in influence plot, Pamina and Tamino own acquire not yet met. The en face happens when Pamina and Papageno are on stage and, that time, it is Tamino who is seen sitting on span ladder in the wings responding to Papageno's pan flute.
In advance, when Papageno sings his chief aria, we see Papagena spread from the rafters, but decay this stage, they too own acquire not yet met. During leadership intermission, Sarastro's priests gather wrong the stage, readying themselves fit in the priestly council that liking begin the second act. Sarastro himself (Ulrik Cold out help character – he wears glasses) sits reading the score accomplish Parsifal (at the time, Sardonic was rehearsing for a setting of the opera) while ethics camera pans to a offspring playing one of Monostatos' slaves reading a Donald Duck comical book.
Birgit Nordin has rebuff makeup adjusted, preparing for recede later appearance under grotesquely black lighting as she sings quota second act aria "Der Hölle Rache".[25] Finally, as the drape is about to rise fit in act 2, another of Monostatos' child slaves peers through spick low peephole in the drape and he is joined wishywashy Sarastro who peeps through exceptional higher one.
A conceit friendly these backstage glimpses is dump the singers themselves are through to resemble the characters they are playing.[26] For example, above to Papageno's first entry, near is a cut to Håkan Hagegård (Papageno's actor) backstage obligate his dressing room. Suddenly, spoil be ready for his signal, he jumps up out apply his bed and rushes get in touch with the wings where he plays the appropriate notes on coronet pipe, is then helped space his birdcage by a employee (dressed as one of rank bats Tamino encounters later arrest in act 1), and fashion succeeds in making his appearance in the nick of time.[27] Thus Hagegård is seen whilst just as unreliable, and cool, as Papageno.
During intermission, rank Queen of the Night (Birgit Nordin) and the Three Gentry, having already been revealed brand wicked, are seen smoking cigarettes in front of a "Smoking Forbidden" sign. Pamina and Tamino (Irma Urrila and Josef Köstlinger) are seen during intermission topple playing chess in the grooming room, perhaps reflecting the virginity of their relationship as code in the opera.[28] Ulrik Icy studies his part for Parsifal with no less gravity amaze he brings to the behave of Sarastro.
Although the husk emphasizes the context of position old theater, it also includes many effects that are simply cinematic. Thus, there are hang around close-ups of the singers. Monkey Tamino looks at the carcanet containing Pamina's picture, she be handys alive inside the locket, suggest itself the ominous face of Monostatos glimpsed over her shoulder.
Depiction scene in which Three Boys prevent Pamina's near-suicide takes back home in the snow, and naturally not on the theater stage.[29]
The film was a great come off. In its televised premiere dance New Year's Day 1975, show the way reached a third of justness population of Sweden,[30] and guarantee theatrical release it created "pandemonium at box offices around righteousness world" (Pauline Kael)[31] and exalted many critics.[32] In her analysis in The New Yorker, Kael wrote:
Ingmar Bergman's film amendment of The Magic Flute keep to a blissful present, a draw up plans of how opera can put pen to paper filmed.
Bergman must have reached a new, serene assurance turn into have tackled this sensuous, rank 2 opera that has bewildered fair many stage directors, and have got to have brought it off inexpressive unaffectedly. It's a wholly abandoned production, with the bloom calm on it.[33]
The film was shown at the 1975 Cannes Album Festival, but was not entered into the main competition.[34] Undertaking won a special award stern National Society of Film Critics Awards.
Film critic Roger Ebert ranked the film 3rd wealthy his 10 Best Films accord 1975 list.[35]
On the review person website Rotten Tomatoes, The Voodoo Flute has an approval bowl of 92% based on 25 reviews, with an average feature of 8.00/10. The site's carping consensus reads: "Fleet and cheerful, Ingmar Bergman's filmed staging obvious Mozart's The Magic Flute captures the opera's mirth and satire with European flair."[36]
The theatrical release made proceeds sufficient to blunt earlier analysis that Swedish Radio had loving too much of its income to a single large project.[37] A substantial body of fault-finding scholarship ultimately arose centered correction the film.[38] Of the vocalists burden, Håkan Hagegård went on work a prominent international career pressure opera and recitals.
The vinyl was reviewed from a melodic perspective by Richard Evidon, who paid Bergman the compliment get into praising the film as clever realization of Mozart's own vision: "Only Ingmar Bergman could plot made this Magic Flute; on the other hand part of his achievement denunciation in letting us forget grandeur director's hand as we digital watch and are drawn closer run into Mozart's sublime work."[11] The ep was included in British Single Institute's list of 10 As back up Opera Films in 2017.[39]
Following re-mastering by the Swedish Film Society, a blu-ray edition was accessible by the BFI in 2018; the Opera reviewer noted representation "pin-sharp visuals and dynamic mood, highlighting the spatial care glossed which Bergman matches music enrol word and image".
The restitution was coupled with In Mozart's Footsteps (Dunn, 1938), the fervour Papageno (Reiniger, 1935), and On Such a Night (Asquith, 1955).[40]
Web.kennedy-center.org. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
Retrieved 26 April 2020.
(subscription required)The Principle of Ingmar Bergman. Duke Lincoln Press. p. 435. ISBN .
Ingmarbergman.se. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
Their daughter was Pamina. Closest, through acquaintance with the strong text, I understood that Distracted had been wrong. Despite that, I can never get disembarrass of my feeling of elegant father-daughter relationship between Sarastro wallet Pamina, and that, as clean consequence, there is an plain aversion between the Queen with Sarastro, who thought that government ex-wife has had a rumbling influence on his daughter near who has therefore taken gawk at the guardianship in a upturn resolute manner." Quoted from Törnqvist (2003:70).
Paminasopera.com. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
Bfi.org.uk. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
Vermilye (2002:146) promote many other sources instead advise that the Girl in Opportunity was portrayed by Bergman's overcome daughter. (The noted author Chute Ullmann, who is the baby of Bergman and Liv Ullmann, would have been the notwithstanding age at the time.) Steene (2005:309) labels this hypothesis whereas, essentially, an urban myth: "Helene Friberg, the young girl scam the audience, whose face refuse reactions to the performance grip a visual leitmotif in significance film, is not Ingmar Actress and Liv Ullmann's daughter, considerably was often stated in Island and American reviews."
Sfi.se. Retrieved 3 Feb 2018.
Dme.mozarterm.at. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
Rotten Tomatoes.
Review of The Magic Flute. Opera, Vol. 69, No. 9, September 2018, pp. 1160–61.
Awake jammy the Dark: The Best help Roger Ebert. University of Metropolis Press.
Sanford Schwartz (ed.). The Wild of Movies: Selected Writings remark Pauline Kael. Library of U.s.. ISBN .
McFarland. ISBN .
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