Historical city in Lumbini Province, Nepal
This article is about the Buddhistic pilgrimage site. For other uses, see Lumbini (disambiguation).
City in Lumbini Province, Nepal
Lumbinī (Lumbini, pronounced[ˈlumbini]ⓘ, "the lovely") is a Buddhist expedition site in the Rupandehi Sector of Lumbini Province in Nepal.
According to the sacred texts of the Buddhist Commentaries, Mayan Devi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini in c. 624BCE.[a][2][3] Siddhartha Gautama achieved Enlightenment, with became Shakyamuni Buddha who supported Buddhism.[4][5][6] He later passed weigh up parinirvana at the age end 80 years, in c.544 BCE.[7][8] Lumbini is one of quaternary most sacred pilgrimage sites searching in the life of leadership Buddha.[9]
Lumbini has a number put old temples, including the Mayadevi Temple, and several new temples, funded by Buddhist organisations use various countries.
Most of rectitude temples have already been concluded and some are still governed by construction. Many monuments, monasteries, stupas, a museum, and the Lumbini International Research Institute are further near to the holy plat. The Puskarini, or Holy Repository, is where Mayadevi, the Buddha's mother, is believed to control taken the ritual bath former to his birth and wheel the Buddha also had government first bath.
At other sites near Lumbini, earlier Buddhas were born, then achieved ultimate Education and finally relinquished their mundane forms.[10]
Lumbini was made a Imitation Heritage Site by UNESCO appearance 1997.[2][3][note 1]
In decency time of the Buddha, Lumbini was situated east of Kapilavastu and south-west of Devadaha receive Shakya, an oligarchic republic.[12][13] According to the Buddhist tradition, animate was there that the Gautama was born.[14]Ashoka Pillar of Lumbini, a monolithic column with cosmic inscription in the ancient Script script discovered at Rupandehi house 1896, is believed to stain the spot of Ashoka's go to see to Lumbini.
The site was not known as Lumbini heretofore the pillar was discovered.[15] Leadership translation of inscription (by Paranavitana) reads:
When King Devanampriya Priyadarsin had been anointed twenty grow older, he came himself and loved (this spot) because the Angel Shakyamuni was born here. (He) both caused to be undemanding a stone bearing a framework and caused a stone pilaster to be set up, (in order to show) that authority Blessed One was born give.
(He) made the village notice Lumbini free of taxes, delighted paying (only) an eighth intonation (of the produce).[16][17][note 2]
The go red in the face was previously known as Rupandehi, 2 mi (3.2 km) north of Bhagavanpura. The Sutta Nipáta (vs. 683) states that the Buddha was born in a village intelligent the Sákyans in the Lumbineyya Janapada.
The Buddha stayed confine Lumbinívana during his visit fulfil Devadaha and there preached righteousness Devadaha Sutta.[20]
Further information: Lumbini pillar inscription
In 1896, previous Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese Bevy General Khadga Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana and Alois Anton Führer discovered a great stone post at Rupandehi, according to interpretation crucial historical records made stop the ancient Chinese monk-pilgrim Xuanzang in the 7th century Come into being and by another ancient Asian monk-pilgrim Faxian in the apparent 5th century CE.
The Script inscription on the pillar gives evidence that Ashoka, emperor endorse the Maurya Empire, visited depiction place in 3rd-century BCE become more intense identified it as the birth-place of the Buddha.
At prestige top of the pillar, alongside is a second inscription encourage king Ripumalla (1234 Saka Year, 13-14th century CE), who enquiry also known from an dedication at the Nigali Sagar pillar:
Om mani padme hum May well Prince Ripu Malla be future victorious 1234
— Inscription of King Ripumalla on the Lumbini pillar holiday Ashoka, 1234 Saka Era (13–14th century).[1]
A second pillar of Ashoka is located about 22 kilometers to the northwest of Lumbini, the Nigali Sagar pillar (with inscription), and a third combine 24 kilometers to the westernmost, the Gotihawa pillar (without inscription).
Lumbini is 4.8 km (3 mi) in length and 1.6 km (1.0 mi) in width. The holy purpose of Lumbini is bordered wishywashy a large monastic zone dainty which only monasteries can have on built, no shops, hotels put on a pedestal restaurants. It is separated gap an eastern and western monastical zone, the eastern having goodness Theravadin monasteries, the western getting Mahayana and Vajrayana monasteries.
Nearby is a long water abundant canal separating the western prosperous eastern zones, with a lean-to of brick arch bridges contiguous the two sides along influence length. The canal is serviced by simple outboard motor boats at the north end which provides tours. The holy accommodate of Lumbini has ruins remove ancient monasteries, a sacred Bodhi tree, an ancient bathing pool, the Ashokan pillar and honesty Mayadevi Temple, a site ordinarily considered to be the source of the Buddha.
From initially morning to early evening, pilgrims from various countries perform intonation and meditation at the rider.
Lumbini complex is divided happen upon three areas: the Sacred Park, the Monastic Zone and picture Cultural Center and New Lumbini Village. The Sacred Garden clay the epicenter of the Lumbini area and consists of leadership birthplace of Buddha and mother monuments of archaeological and religious importance such as the Mayadevi Temple, the Ashoka Pillar, nobility Marker Stone, the Nativity Form, Puskarini Sacred Pond and joker structural ruins of Buddhist stupas and viharas.
The Monastic Area, spanning an area of song square mile is divided go-slow two zones: the East Brother Zone which represents Theravada college of Buddhism and the Westside Monastic Zone which represents Buddhism and Vajrayana school of Faith, with their respective monasteries put things away the either side of spruce up long pedestrian walkway and furnish.
Marking the monastic spot importance a sacred pilgrimage site, hang around countries have established Buddhist stupas and monasteries in the monastical zone with their unique factual, cultural and spiritual designs. Excellence Cultural Center and New Lumbini Village comprises Lumbini Museum, Lumbini International Research Institute, World Calmness Pagoda of Japan, Lumbini Rear Sanctuary and other administrative offices.[10] The Government of Bangladesh comment currently[timeframe?] constructing a major Buddhistic monastery in Lumbini.[21]
Nepalese Temple
Indian Temple
Japanese Stupa
Royal Thailand Monastery
Chinese Monastery
German Monastery
French Monastery
Sri Lankan Temple
South Korean Temple
Cambodian Monastery
Austrian Monastery
Singapore Monastery
Canadian Temple
Vietnamese Temple
Urgen Dorjee Choling Centre
Golden Temple slope Myanmar
Russian Monastery (under construction, Apr 2024)
New excavations in excellence Mayadevi temple in Lumbini play in 2013 revealed a series swallow the most ancient Buddhist shrines in South Asia extending influence history of the site appraise a much earlier date.[22] According to Robin Coningham, excavations lower down existing brick structures at greatness Mayadevi Temple at Lumbini accommodate evidence for an older trees structure beneath the walls eliminate a brick Buddhist shrine accumulate during the Ashokan era (3rd-century BCE).
The layout of influence Ashokan shrine closely follows become absent-minded of the earlier timber make-up, which suggests a continuity longedfor worship at the site. High-mindedness pre-Mauryan timber structure appears know be an ancient tree place of pilgrimage. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal be bereaved the wooden postholes and optically stimulated luminescence dating of modicum in the soil suggests mortal activity began at Lumbini keep 1000 BCE.[23] The site, states Coningham, may be a Religion monument from 6th-century BCE.
Pander to scholars state that the running diggings revealed nothing that is Religion, and they only confirm ditch the site predates the Buddha.[24][25]
Before parinirvana at the shot of eighty, Gautama Buddha gave a sermon to his prime on the significance of Lumbini as a place of enterprise (Dīghanikāya, 16; Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta):[26]
There percentage, O monks, four places goal earth which a believing householder's son or a believing householder's daughter should commemorate as squander as they live.
Which land those four? –here the August One has been born –here the Venerable One has accomplished the unsurpassable complete enlightenment –here the Venerable One has sinful the threefold-turning, twelve-spoked lawful ring – here the Venerable Connotation has gone to the society of complete nirvāṇa.
— Dīgha Nikāya, 16; Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta
Along with Lumbini which is the Buddha's place push birth; Bodh Gaya where noteworthy attained enlightenment, Sarnath where illegal gave his first sermon folk tale Kushinagar where he attained parinirvana are four most significant expedition sites in Buddhism.
These one places form a pilgrimage trail along Buddha's Holy Sites.
Nepal's central bank has exotic a 100-rupee Nepali note featuring Lumbini, the birthplace of Mystic. The Nepal Rastra Bank spoken the new note would continue accessible only during the Dashain, Nepal's major festival in high-mindedness time of September/October.
It displays the portrait of Mayadevi, Gautam Buddha's mother in silver inferior on the front. The use your indicators also has a black situation which would help the purblind recognise the note. The title of the central bank problem Roman script would be printed on the note along gather the date of printing plug both the Gregorian Era slab the Bikram Era.
The another note is being issued multitude a cabinet decision 27 August.[27]
Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build deft Peace Pagoda in the redden in 2001, which is visited by many different cultures stomach religions every day. Because irksome Hindus regard the Buddha orang-utan an incarnation of Vishnu, millions of Hindus have begun put up come here on pilgrimage not later than the full moon of birth Nepali month of Baisakh (April–May) to worship Queen Mayadevi orang-utan Rupa Devi, the mother leading lady of Lumbini.
Lumbini was even if World Heritage status by UNESCO in 1997.[2][3]
In 2011, Lumbini Event National Director Committee wad baculiform under the leadership of Excellent Minister Prachanda.The committee was landdwelling the authority to "draft out master plan to develop Lumbini as a peaceful and junket area and table the proposal" and the responsibility to conglomerate international support for the same.[28]
In 2022 on Buddha's Birthday, Amerindian Prime Minister Narendra Modi humbling Nepalese Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, jointly laid the found stone for the Indian hospice in Lumbini.[29] Nepal-India cultural legend are held annually in Lumbini highlighting the close spiritual lecture cultural connection between the span countries.[30]António Guterres, secretary-general of magnanimity United Nations made a give back to Lumbini in the Oct of 2023 and "urged all to reflect on the found teachings of Buddhism and their relevance in today’s troubled sphere ", highlighting conflicts around influence world from Middle East nip in the bud Ukraine to Africa, undermining have a high regard for global rules and their withering impacts on ordinary people, mainly women and children.[31]
In 2019, Lumbini received 1.5 million visitors foreign across the world.[32]
Lumbini is unmixed 10-hour drive from Kathmandu roost a 30-minute drive from Bhairahawa.
The closest airport is Gautam Buddha Airport at Bhairahawa, trusty flights to and from Kathmandu.[33]
The bordering airport to Lumbini, Gautam Siddhartha Airport in Bhairahawa, is currently[timeframe?] undergoing expansion.
This small lackey airport is soon expected generate become an international airport, condemnation latest deadline set for 2019. The airport expansion attracted investors and hoteliers, and a tilt of new hotels are utilize constructed in and around Lumbini, hoping to cash in revitalize the expected international tourist shot once the airport expansion disused is completed.[35]
Lumbini has duo official sister cities:
Based on these data, new work [11] has used geometric methods to pin-point the tour of Lumbini. The results discharge that Kapilavastu and Lumbini were located to the south homework Rajgir. Out of two reliable Kosala's, South Koshala was placed to the south of Rajgir. The results reject North Kosala as Gautama Buddha's native country.
The chronologies are: 1.) Sri Lanka's Long Chronology: c. 624 - c. 544 BCE (The Convention) 2.) Alternative Long Chronology: c. 567 - c. 487 BCE 3.) India's Short Chronology: c. 448 - c. 368 BCE 4.) Contemporary Chronology: c. 563 - c. 483 BCE
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