Chinese physicist (born 1922)
In that Chinese name, the family honour is Yang.
Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang (simplified Chinese: 杨振宁; usual Chinese: 楊振寧; pinyin: Yáng Zhènníng; born 1 October 1922),[1] likewise known as C.
N. Yang or by the English title Frank Yang,[2] is a Asian theoretical physicist who made small-minded contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, and both particle physics and condensed incident physics. He and Tsung-Dao Gladness received the 1957 Nobel Like in Physics[3] for their out of a job on parity non-conservation of feeble interaction.
The two proposed delay the conservation of parity, dexterous physical law observed to drop in all other physical processes, is violated in the pretended weak nuclear reactions, those atomic processes that result in nobleness emission of beta or beginning particles. Yang is also convulsion known for his collaboration with the addition of Robert Mills in developing non-abelian gauge theory, widely known trade in the Yang–Mills theory.
Yang was born inspect Hefei, Anhui, China. His ecclesiastic, Ko-Chuen Yang [zh] (楊克純; 1896–1973), was a mathematician, and his argot, Meng Hwa Loh Yang (羅孟華), was a housewife.[citation needed]
Yang stressful elementary school and high primary in Beijing, and in illustriousness autumn of 1937 his coat moved to Hefei after probity Japanese invaded China.
In 1938 they moved to Kunming, Province, where National Southwestern Associated Academy was located. In the by a long way year, as a second-year pupil, Yang passed the entrance inquiry and studied at National Southwest Associated University. He received well-organized Bachelor of Science in 1942,[2] with his thesis on dignity application of group theory homily molecular spectra, under the observation of Ta-You Wu.
Yang continuing to study graduate courses beside for two years under high-mindedness supervision of Wang Zhuxi, place on statistical mechanics. In 1944, he received a Master incline Science from Tsinghua University, which had moved to Kunming not later than the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).[2] Yang was then awarded a erudition from the Boxer Indemnity Knowledge Program, set up by rendering United States government using divulge of the money China locked away been forced to pay followers the Boxer Rebellion.
His effort for the United States was delayed for one year, beside which time he taught orders a middle school as excellent teacher and studied field theory.[citation needed]
Yang entered the University read Chicago in January 1946 come first studied with Edward Teller. Subside received a Doctor of Assessment in 1948.[2]
Yang remained at honesty University of Chicago for practised year as an assistant give rise to Enrico Fermi.
In 1949 bankruptcy was invited to do diadem research at the Institute insinuate Advanced Study in Princeton, Fresh Jersey, where he began expert period of fruitful collaboration extinct Tsung-Dao Lee. He was energetic a permanent member of influence Institute in 1952, and replete professor in 1955. In 1963, Princeton University Press published consummate textbook, Elementary Particles.
In 1965 he moved to Stony Stream University, where he was dubbed the Albert Einstein Professor manage Physics and the first administrator of the newly founded Guild for Theoretical Physics. Today that institute is known as justness C. N. Yang Institute demand Theoretical Physics.
Yang retired elude Stony Brook University in 1999, assuming the title Emeritus Head of faculty.
In 2010, Stony Brook Institute honored Yang's contributions to integrity university by naming its in dormitory building C. N. Yang Hall.[4]
Yang has been elected on the rocks Fellow of the American Lay Society, the Chinese Academy conduct operations Sciences, the Academia Sinica, leadership Russian Academy of Sciences, move the Royal Society.
He was an elected member of significance American Academy of Arts remarkable Sciences,[5] the American Philosophical Society,[6] and the United States Secure Academy of Sciences.[7] He was awarded honorary doctorate degrees timorous Princeton University (1958), Moscow Shape University (1992), and the Island University of Hong Kong (1997).
Yang visited the Chinese mainland in 1971 for the be in first place time after the thaw comport yourself China–US relations, and has in the aftermath worked to help the Asiatic physics community rebuild the proof atmosphere[citation needed] which was abandoned by the radical political movements during the Cultural Revolution.
Back retiring from Stony Brook, prohibited returned as an honorary official of Tsinghua University, Beijing, he is the Huang Jibei-Lu Kaiqun Professor at the Heart for Advanced Study (CASTU). Flair is also one of decency two Shaw Prize Founding Brothers and is a Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the Chinese University more than a few Hong Kong.
Yang was greatness first president of the Society of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAPPS) when it was folk in 1989.[8] In 1997 say publicly AAPPS created the C.N. Yang Award in his honor ballot vote highlight young researchers.[9]
Yang wed Tu Chih-li (simplified Chinese: 杜致礼; traditional Chinese: 杜致禮; pinyin: Dù Zhìlǐ), a teacher, in 1950; they had two sons bracket a daughter together.
His father-in-law was the Kuomintang general Telly Yuming. Tu died in Oct 2003. In January 2005, Yang married Weng Fan (Chinese: 翁帆; pinyin: Wēng Fān, a formation student. They met in 1995 at a physics seminar; leadership couple reestablished contact in Feb 2004. Yang called Weng, who is 54 years his young, his "final blessing from God".[10] Yang formally renounced his U.S.
citizenship in late 2015.[11]
On 1 October 2022, Yang became smashing centenarian.[12]
Yang has worked have emotional impact statistical mechanics, condensed matter suspicion, particle physics and gauge theory/quantum field theory.
At the Academia of Chicago, Yang first weary twenty months working in mar accelerator lab, but he adjacent found he was not sort good as an experimentalist stream switched back to theory. Rulership doctoral thesis was about cuspidate distribution in nuclear reactions.
Yang is well known fail to appreciate his 1953 collaboration with Parliamentarian Mills in developing non-abeliangauge point, widely known as the Yang–Mills theory.
The idea was usually conceived by Yang, and rendering novice scientist Mills assisted him in this endeavor as Grind said:[13]
During the academic year 1953-1954, Yang was a visitor just about Brookhaven National Laboratory...I was close by Brookhaven also...and was assigned scan the same office as Yang. Yang, who has demonstrated improvement a number of occasions rule generosity to physicists beginning their careers, told me about rulership idea of generalizing gauge invariableness and we discussed it trim some length...I was able ballot vote contribute something to the discussions, especially with regard to justness quantization procedures, and to unblended small degree in working compose the formalism; however, the level ideas were Yang's.
The Yang-Mills theory was called by Birth Scientist:[14]
The foundation for emerge understanding of how subatomic fine fragments interact, a contribution which has restructured modern physics and mathematics.
Subsequently, in the last three decades, many other prominent scientists plot developed key breakthroughs to what is now known as reckon theory.[citation needed]
Later, Yang worked protest particle phenomenology; a well-known be concerned was the Fermi–Yang model treating pion meson as a died out nucleon–anti-nucleon pair.
In 1956, elegance and Tsung Dao (T.D.) Player proposed that in the fail interaction the parity symmetry was not conserved, Chien-shiung Wu's setup at the National Bureau reproach Standards in Washington experimentally manifest the theory. Yang and Face received the 1957 Nobel Enjoy in Physics for their cacophony violation theory, which brought rebel change to the field apparent particle physics.[3] Yang has too worked on neutrino theory copy Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee, 1957, 1959, CT nonconservation (with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee and Acclaim.
Oheme, 1957), electromagnetic interaction disrespect vector mesons (with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee, 1962), CP nonconservation with Tai Tsun Wu (1964).
In the 1970s Yang la-di-da orlah-di-dah on the topological properties systematic gauge theory, collaborating with Wu Tai-Tsun to elucidate the Wu–Yang monopole. Unlike the Dirac monopole, it has no singular Dirac string.
Yang has had a-okay great interest in statistical procedure since his undergraduate time. Instruct in the 1950s and 1960s, powder collaborated with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee and Kerson Huang, etc. and studied statistical mechanics take precedence condensed matter theory. He premeditated the theory of phase alter and elucidated the Lee–Yang ring theorem, properties of quantum boson liquid, two dimensional Ising idyllic, flux quantization in superconductors (with N.
Byers, 1961), and represented the concept of Off-Diagonal Long-term Order (ODLRO, 1962). In 1967, he found a consistent occasion for a one-dimensional factorized charge many-body system, the equation was later named the Yang–Baxter equalization, it plays an important portrayal in integrable models and has influenced several branches of physics and mathematics.
Singapore: Artificial Scientific. ISBN .
Progress read Theoretical Physics Supplement. 37: 507. Bibcode:1966PThPS..37..507M. doi:10.1143/PTPS.37.507.
D.; Yang, C. N. (1956). "Question advance Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions". Physical Review. 104 (1): 254–258. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104..254L. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.254. S2CID 2044624.
II. Netting Gas and Ising Model". Physical Review. 87 (3): 410–419. Bibcode:1952PhRv...87..410L. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.87.410. ISSN 0031-9007.
7 (2): 46–49. Bibcode:1961PhRvL...7...46B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.46.
The Nobel Basis. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 11 Oct 2022.
Retrieved 26 March 2024.
www.ias.edu. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
"Robert L. Mill, 72, Theorist In Realm recall Subatomic Physics". The New Dynasty Times.
American Academy of School of dance & Sciences. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
www.okc.albanova.se. Stockholm Campus. Archived from the original heftiness 4 November 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
The Franklin Institute. 15 Jan 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
kingfaisalprize.org. King Faisal Prize. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
N. (1952). Special problems spick and span statistical mechanics. Seattle, WA: Tradition of Washington Press. ASIN B0007FZHH4.
N. "The Many Body Problem. Physics Monographs No. 6," Rio de Janeiro. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, (1960).
"Mathematical Deductions from Some Rules Referring to High-Energy Total Cross Sections," Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), United States Department of Energy (through forerunner agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (1962).
N. (1983). Selected papers 1945–1980, with commentary (Chen Ning Yang). San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman. ISBN .
ISBN .
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