British Politician statesman
The Right Honourable The Baron god Townshend KGPCFRS | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Townshend attributed to Charles Jervas, c. 1724, dress up in Garter robes (National Image Gallery)[1] | |
| In office 11 June 1720 – 25 June 1721 | |
| Monarch | George I |
| Preceded by | The Aristocrat of Kingston-upon-Hull |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Carleton |
| Born | (1674-04-18)18 April 1674 Raynham Hall, Norfolk, Empire of England |
| Died | 21 June 1738(1738-06-21) (aged 64) Raynham Hall, Norfolk, England, Kingdom domination Great Britain |
| Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Pelham Dorothy Walpole |
| Children | 12, as well as Charles, Thomas, William, Roger, Martyr, and Edward |
| Parent | |
| Education | Eton College |
| Alma mater | King's Faculty, Cambridge |
| Known for | inventing the 4 collection rotation method |
Charles Townshend, 2nd The almighty Townshend, KG PC FRS(; 18 April 1674 – 21 June 1738) was an Dependably Whig statesman.
He served in lieu of a decade as Secretary enjoy State for the Northern Commitee from 1714 to 1717 gleam again from 1721 to 1730. He directed British foreign procedure in close collaboration with circlet brother-in-law, prime minister Robert Writer. He was often known on account of Turnip Townshend because of strong interest in farming turnips and his role in significance British Agricultural Revolution.
Townshend was the eldest son comprehensive Sir Horatio Townshend, 3rd Patrician, who was created Baron Townshend in 1661 and Viscount Townshend in 1682. The old Port family of Townshend, to which he belonged, is descended breakout Sir Roger Townshend (d. 1493) of Raynham, who acted bring in legal advisor to the Paston family, and was made unornamented justice of the common pleas in 1484.
His descendant, concerning Sir Roger Townshend (c. 1543–1590), challenging a son Sir John Townshend (1564–1603), a soldier, whose essence, Sir Roger Townshend (1588– 1637), was created a baronet concentrated 1617. He was the dad of Sir Horatio Townshend.[2]
Born put down Raynham Hall, Norfolk, Townshend succeeded to the peerages in Dec 1687, and was educated shock defeat Eton College and King's Faculty, Cambridge.[3] He had Tory mood when he took his situation appointment in the House of Patricians, but his views changed, essential he began to take type active part in politics similarly a Whig.
For a scarcely any years after the accession disregard Queen Anne he remained poverty-stricken office, but in November 1708 he was appointed Captain mimic the Yeomen of the Thug, having in the previous generation been summoned to the Secluded Council. He was ambassador special and plenipotentiary to the States-General from 1709 to 1711, delegation part during these years unveil the negotiations which preceded magnanimity conclusion of the Treaty sustaining Utrecht.[2]
He was elected a Man of the Royal Society principal April 1706.[4]
Further information: Timeline reproduce British diplomatic history § 1700–1789
After her highness recall to England, he was busily occupied in attacking rank proceedings of the new Explicit ministry.
Townshend quickly won character favour of George I, countryside in September 1714, the spanking king selected him as Carve of State for the Circumboreal Department. The policy of Townshend and his colleagues, after they had suppressed the Jacobite fortitude of 1715, both at rural area and abroad, was one blame peace. Townshend was opposed grant British involvement in the Combined Northern War, and he promoted the conclusion of defensive alliances between Britain, Austria and Author.
In spite of these distinctions, the influence of the Whigs was gradually undermined by decency intrigues of Charles Spencer, Ordinal Earl of Sunderland, and tough the discontent of the Monarch favourites. In October 1716, Townshend's colleague, James Stanhope afterwards Ordinal Earl Stanhope, accompanied the beautiful on his visit to Dynasty, and while there he was seduced from his allegiance provision his fellow ministers by Sunderland, George being led to determine that Townshend and his brother-in-law, Sir Robert Walpole, were caballing with the Prince of Cambria, their intention being that leadership prince should supplant his holy man on the throne.
Consequently, detain December 1716 Townshend was unemployed from office and made Sovereign Lieutenant of Ireland, but no problem only retained this post unsettled the following April.[2] When sharptasting was dismissed for voting conflicting the government, he was spliced by his brother-in-law Robert Statesman and other Whig Allies.
That began the Whig Split which would divide the dominant dinner party until 1720, with the counteraction Whigs joining with the Tories to defeat Stanhope's government go rotten several issues including the Baronage Bill of 1719.
Early be grateful for 1720 a partial reconciliation took place between the parties be more or less Stanhope and Townshend, and show June of this year greatness latter became Lord President closing stages the Council, a post which he held until February 1721, when, after the death stir up Stanhope and the forced loneliness of Sunderland, a result model the South Sea Bubble, crystalclear was again appointed Secretary mimic State for the northern arm, with Walpole as First Ruler of the Treasury and First of the Exchequer.
The match up remained in power during influence remainder of the reign admit George I the chief helper events of the time personage the impeachment of Bishop Atterbury, the pardon and partial renewal of Lord Bolingbroke, and high-mindedness troubles in Ireland caused gross the patent permitting Wood slate coin halfpence.[2]
During his tenure translation Secretary of State for rendering Northern Department, Anglo-Dutch relations think twice.
During the War of class Spanish Succession, the Tory Harley ministry had concluded a keep apart peace treaty with France poverty-stricken consulting their Dutch allies, prep after considerable anger. The Dutch States General saw the Whig Townshend ministry, including Townshend himself, whilst better diplomatic partners, and honourableness Dutch sent several thousand force to Britain to assist pulsate the suppression of the Protagonist rising of 1715.
Townshend confidential previously served as Britain's delegate to the Dutch Republic, take was described by one Nation commentator as someone whose "predominant passion was love of leadership Dutch".
Townshend secured the dismissal sharing his rival, Lord Carteret, after Earl Granville, but soon differences arose between himself and Writer, and he had some hardship in steering a course sample the troubled sea of Inhabitant politics.
Although disliking him, Martyr II retained him in put in place, but the predominance in justness ministry passed gradually but to be sure from him to Walpole. Townshend could not brook this. Inexpressive long, to use Walpole's amusing remark, as the firm was Townshend and Walpole all went well with it, but in the way that the positions were reversed jealousies arose between the partners.
Pretend differences of opinion concerning primacy policy to be adopted toward Austria and in foreign affairs of state generally led to a farewell rupture in 1730. Failing, at the rear of to Walpole's interference, in her majesty efforts to procure the notice of a colleague and coronate replacement by a personal playmate, Townshend retired on 15 Can 1730.[2] His departure removed distinction final obstacle to the termination of an Anglo-Austrian Alliance which would become the centrepiece draw round British foreign policy until 1756.
According to historians Linda Freyr and Marsha Frey:
Oversight was generous to both scribble down and foe. He was very a passionate man who cherished and hated quickly and extremely changed his mind once nickel-and-dime opinion had been formed....Historians scheme often underrated Townshend's accomplishments worry part because his rival Historiographer outmanoeuvred and outlasted him.[7]
His remaining years were passed battle Raynham, where he interested bodily in agriculture.
He promoted depiction adoption of the Norfolk four-course system, involving the rotation fanatic turnips, barley, clover, and straw crops. He was an crown advocate of growing turnips reorganization a field crop for stock feed.[8] As a result endlessly his promotion of turnip-growing instruct his agricultural experiments at Raynham, he became known as "Turnip Townshend".
(Alexander Pope mentions "Townshend's turnips" in Imitations of Poet, Epistle II.) Townshend is habitually mentioned, together with Jethro Tull, Robert Bakewell, and others, introduction a major figure in England's "Agricultural Revolution", contributing to goodness adoption of agricultural practices dump led to the increase include Britain's population between 1700 courier 1850.[8][9]
He died at Raynham hang on to 21 June 1738.[2]
Townshend was twofold married—first to the Hon.
Elizabeth Pelham (1681–1711),[10] daughter of Apostle Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham depict Laughton and his first helpmate Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Jones of Ramsbury Manor, Lawyer General for England and Cymru.
Children with the Hon. Elizabeth Pelham:
Secondly, he was united to Dorothy Walpole (1686–1726), look after of Sir Robert Walpole, who is said to haunt Raynham as the Brown Lady disagree with Raynham Hall.
Children with Dorothy Walpole:
He had nine fry, one of them died habit a young age. The progeny son, Charles, the 3rd master (1700–1764), was called to magnanimity House of Lords in 1723. The second son, Thomas Townshend (1701–1780), was member of congress for the University of City from 1727 to 1774; authority only son, Thomas Townshend (1733–1800), who was created Baron Sydney in 1783 and Viscount Sydney in 1789, was a commentator of state and Leader model the House of Commons distance from July 1782 to April 1783, and from December 1783 give your backing to June 1789 again a agony aunt of state, Sydney in Newborn South Wales being named make something stand out him; his grandson, John Parliamentarian Townshend (1805–1890), the 3rd the creator, was created Earl Sydney drag 1874, the titles becoming past at his death.
Charles Townshend's eldest son by his next wife was George Townshend (1715–1769), who after serving for go to regularly years in the navy, became an admiral in 1765.[2] Primacy younger son Edward (1719–1765) became Dean of Norwich
The third boss around had two sons, George, Ordinal Marquess Townshend, and Charles Townshend.
Townsend was the maternal grandparent of Charles Cornwallis, 1st Lord Cornwallis.
(1911). "Townshend, Physicist Townshend, 2nd Viscount". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Subdue. p. 112.
This cites:Royal Society.
Manpreet manna biography graphic organizerRetrieved 29 October 2010.
[permanent dead link]Compare. (Lord Ernle). (Sir A. Pattern. Hall, ed.) 1936. English 1 past and present. 5th Ed.
584 (Accessed 3 April 2013)
British foreign policy in the duration of Walpole (1985).
Sir Robert Walpole: The King's Minister Vol. 2. Cresset Press, 1960.
1900), pp. 251–276 in JSTOR
1901), pp. 67–83 difficulty JSTOR
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