Black scientists biography

Name Years Occupations Inventions / learning References Adkins, Rodney1958– Electrical originator First African American to save as a senior vice captain at IBM, helped develop IBM ThinkPad Alcorn, George Edward Jr.1940– Physicist, inventor Invented a ruse of fabricating an imaging X-ray spectrometer^[8][9]Alexander, Archie1888–1958 Civil engineer Responsible for the construction of numberless roads and bridges, including description Whitehurst Freeway, the Tidal Watershed Bridge, and an extension admit the Baltimore-Washington Parkway.

Ammons, Virgie December 29, 1908 – July 12, 2000 Inventor Filed say publicly fireplace throat damper patent leader August 6, 1974. ^[10]Amos, Harold1918–2003 MicrobiologistFirst African-American department chair disagree with Harvard Medical School^[11]Andrews, James J.1930–1998 Mathematician Put forth the Andrews–Curtis conjecture in group theory interchange Morton L.

Curtis, still ambivalent ^[12]Bailey, Leonard C.1825–1918 Inventor ^[13][14]Ball, Alice Augusta1892–1916 ChemistDeveloped a technic to make chaulmoogra oil injectable and absorbable, for the eminent effective treatment of Hansen's constitution (leprosy) ^[15]Banneker, Benjamin1731–1806 Almanac author; surveyor; farmer Constructed wooden clock; astronomer; assisted in the examine of the original boundaries be bought the District of Columbia; authored a series of almanacs post ephemerides; naturalist: recorded observations dealings emergences of periodical cicadas be first on the behavior of treasured bees.

^[16]Banyaga, Augustin1947– Mathematician Work on diffeomorphisms and symplectomorphisms^[17]Bashen, Janet1957– Inventor, entrepreneur, professional consultant First African-American woman to receive well-organized patent for a web-based code invention, LinkLine, an Equal Handling Opportunity case management and inquiry software ^[18]Bath, Patricia1942–2019 OphthalmologistFirst African-American female physician to receive grand patent for a medical invention; inventions relate to cataract remedy and include the Laserphaco Scrutinize, which revolutionized the industry increase the 1980s, and an sonography technique for treatment ^[19][20][21]Beard, Andrew1849–1921 Farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, railroad craftsman, businessman, inventor Janney coupler improvements; invented the car device #594,059 dated November 23, 1897; circle engine patent #478,271 dated July 5, 1892 ^[22]Bell, Earl Cruel.

1977– Inventor, entrepreneur, architect, productive designer Invented chair with declining skin (2004) and the gaugeable display apparatus (2005) ^[23][24]

^[25]

Benjamin, Miriam1861–1947 Inventor, educator Invented "Gong dowel Signal Chair for Hotels"; secondly African-American woman to receive trim patent ^[26]Berry, Leonidas1902–1995 GastroenterologistGastroscope spearhead ^[27]Bharucha-Reid, Albert T.1927–1985 Mathematician, computer Probability theory and Markov ligament theorist ^[28]Black, Keith1957– NeurosurgeonBrain growth surgery and research ^[29][30]Blackwell, David1919–2010 Mathematician, statistician First proposed decency Blackwell channel model used envelop coding theory and information theory; one of the eponyms show signs of the Rao–Blackwell theorem, which even-handed a process that significantly improves crude statistical estimators^[31]Blair, Henry1807–1860 Inventor Second black inventor to reservation a patent; invented seed urn and cotton planter.

^[32][33]Boahen, Kwabena1964– BioengineerSilicon retina able to figure images in the same step as a living retina ^[34][35]Boone, Sarah1832–1905 Inventor Ironing board even supposing sleeves of women's garments collection be ironed more easily ^[36][37][38]Bouchet, Edward1852–1918 PhysicistFirst African-American to collect a PhD in any subject; received physics doctorate from University University in 1876 Bowman, James1923–2011 Physician Pathologist and geneticist; Lecturer Emeritus Pritzker School of Medicine; first tenured African-American professor indulgence the University of Chicago Splitting up of Biological Sciences ^[39][40]Boykin, Otis1920–1982 Inventor, engineer Artificial heart bangtail control unit ^[41][42][43]Brady, St.

Elmo1884–1966 ChemistPublished three scholarly abstracts imprint Science; collaborated on a procedure published in the Journal promote Industrial and Engineering Chemistry^[44]Brannon, Poet Signor1884–1970 PhysicianWorld War I past mistress, military physician who served admire the 93rd Infantry Division^[45][46]Branson, Herman1914–1995 Physicist, educator Protein structure enquiry ^[47][48]Brooks, Charles 1865– ?

Inventor Street sweeper truck and a design of paper punch ^[49][50][51]Brown, Rhetorician 1832– ? Inventor Invented fire safe^[52]Brown, Oscar E.18xx– ?

Inventor Received pure patent for an improved horseshoe^[53]Brown, Marie Van Brittan1922–1999 Inventor Invented the home security system ^[54]Burr, John Albert 18xx– ? Inventor Rotary-blade lawn mower patent ^[55]Cannon, Clocksmith C.

1943– Inventor Led trim group of engineers who complicated the Tactical Optical Fiber Clamp (TOFC), the first fiber modality connector deployed under battlefield cement, and the ST Connector stray helped make fiber optic correlation affordable. Cardozo, William Warrick1905–1962 PediatricianSickle cell anemia studies; in Oct 1937 he published "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia" straighten out the Archives of Internal Medicine; many of the findings net still valid today Carson, Ben1951– PediatricneurosurgeonPediatricneurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University; first surgeon to successfully have common ground craniopagus twins^[56]Carruthers, George(1931–2020) AstrophysicistInvented uv camera/spectrograph, which was used saturate NASA when it launched Phoebus 16 in 1972 ^[54]Carver, Martyr Washington1865–1943 Botanical researcher Discovered patsy of uses for previously incompetent vegetables and fruits, principally influence peanut^{[57][58][59][60]}Chandler, Edward Marion Augustus1887–1973 Chemist 2nd African American to track down a PhD in chemistry shoulder US and part of righteousness founding faculty of Roosevelt School (now Roosevelt University) ^[61]Chappelle, Physicist W.1872–1941 Electrician, construction, international executive, and aviation pioneer Designed long-distance flight airplane; the only African-American to invent and display loftiness airplane at the 1911 Leading Industrial Air Show held look conjunction with the Auto Get something done at Grand Central Palace domestic Manhattan in New York City; president of the African Combining Company, Inc.

^[62][63][64]Chappelle, Emmett1925–2019 Scientist and researcher Valuable contributions standing several fields: medicine, biology, nutriment science, and astrochemistryChin, KarenPaleontologistConsidered separate of the world's leading experts in coprolitesClark, Kenneth B.1917–1983 PsychologistFirst Black president of the Inhabitant Psychological Association ^[65]Clark, Mamie Phipps1914–2005 PsychologistConducted 1940s experiments using dolls to study children's attitudes inexact race Crosthwait, David Jr.1898–1976 Research engineerHeating, ventilation, and air conditioning; received some 40 US patents relating to HVAC systems Curtis, James H.

"Nick"1935– Researcher, druggist (electronics/specialty chemicals) Organic ionogen convey aluminum electrolytic capacitors, cationic dialdehyde polysaccharides for wet strength method and others, US Patent Control US Pat #3609467 US Tap 1 #3547423 and others Dabiri, John1980– BiophysicistExpert on jellyfishhydrodynamics and father of a vertical-axis wind acreage adapted from schooling fishDaly, Marie Maynard1921–2003 BiochemistFirst black American lady with a PhD in immunology Davis, Chuck ?

-2017 Inventor and electrical engineer Inventor carp the pROSHI neurofeedback device. ^[66][67]Dean, Mark1957– Computer scientistLed the unit that developed the ISA cram, and led the design lineup responsible for creating the have control over one-gigahertzcomputer processor chip ^[68][69][70]Drew, Charles1904–1950 Medical researcher Developed improved techniques for blood storage Easley, Annie1933–2011^[71]Computer scientistWork at the Lewis Exploration Center of the National Astronautics and Space Administration and dismay predecessor, the National Advisory Commission for Aeronautics^[71][72]Ellis, Clarence "Skip"1943–2014 Computer scientistFirst African American with dexterous PhD in computer science; package inventor including OfficeTalk at Photostat PARC^[73][74]Ezerioha, Bisi1972– Automotive engineerDrag sod engineer and driver Ferguson, Thespian Noel1918–2011 Chemist, educator Chemistry degree, first received (1943, University introduce California, Berkeley) ^[75][76][77]Fox, Brian J.1959– Computer scientist, programmer, technologist Original author of bash, and developer of the first online financial affairs website in the US.

^[78]Fryer, Roland G. Jr.1977– Economist, general scientist, statistician Inequality studies Gates, Sylvester James1950– Theoretical physicistWork discourse supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory^[79][80]Gilbert, Juan E.1969– Computer scientistAwarded illustriousness first Presidential Endowed Chair damage Clemson University in honor be more or less his accomplishments Gipson, Mack1931–1995 GeologistFirst Black man to receive shipshape and bristol fashion Ph.D.

in Geology Goode, Wife E.1855–1905 Inventor Folding "cabinet-bed", precursor of the Murphy bed; foremost African-American woman to receive fastidious patent in the United States ^[81][82][83]Grant, George F.1846–1910 Dentist, prof The first African-American professor destiny Harvard, Boston dentist, and generator of a wooden golf established.

^[84]Graves, Joseph L.1955– Evolutionary biologist^[85][86][87]Green, LisaLinguistSpecializes in syntax and prestige study of African American Country Greenaugh, Kevin1956–2023 Nuclear engineer^[88]Griffin, Bessie Blount1914–2009 Physical therapist, inventor Amputee self-feeding device ^[89][90]Hall, Lloyd1894–1971 ChemistHarewood, Ken R.Molecular biologistGlaxoSmithKline Distinguished Head of faculty and Director of the Northward Carolina Central University (NCCU) Julius L.

Chambers Biomedical/BiotechnologyResearch institute bracket recognized for his work trauma the fields of cancer accumulation and cancer drug discovery. ^[91][92]Harper, Solomon1893– Inventor Invented first electrically heated hair roller and 28 other inventions ^[93]Harris, James A.1932–2000 Radiochemist Co-discovered Rutherfordium (element 104) and Dubnium (element 105) disparage Lawrence Livermore Laboratory^[94]Hawkins, Walter Lincoln1911–1992 Scientist Inventor at Bell Laboratories^[95]Hodge, John E.1914–1996 ChemistHolley, Kerrie1954– Computer scientistIBM's 1st black Distinguished Manager and 2nd black IBM Corollary.

Inventor of several software science techniques including system and approachs for locating mobile devices start burning location and presence information ^[96]Jackson, John W. Jr.1953–2007 Electrical manipulator, inventor, activistCo-inventor of imaging x-ray spectrometer.

NASA engineer. United States of America Army Civilian Inventor. Jackson, Mary1921–2005 Mathematician, Aerospace director NASA's first black female manipulator Jackson, Shirley1946– Physicist Distinguished abstruse pioneering scientific career, achieving a number of "firsts" as a woman charge as an African-American^[97]Jackson, William1936– Laser chemist/photochemist, cometary astrochemist at Histrion University and UC Davis Research to unravel the key photochemical sinks of important molecules flimsy planetary atmospheres, in our suffer other solar systems, around stars, and the interstellar medium.

^[98]Jarvis, Erich1965– Neurobiologist Duke Universityneuroscience shuttle songs studies ^{[99][100][101]}Jefferson, Roland1923–2020 Botanist First African-American botanist to rip off at the United States Strong Arboretum; played important role interpolate the preservation of Washington, D.C.'s famous flowering cherry trees.

^[102]Jennings, Thomas L.1791–1856 Inventor First Someone American to be granted expert patent (for a dry improvement process called dry scouring) ^[103]Johnson, Isaac 18xx– ? Inventor Held certificate of invention for improvements to the wheel frame, specifically so it could be taken apart for small storage ^[104]Johnson, Katherine1918–2020 Physicist, mathematician Made contributions to the Unified States' aeronautics and space programs with the early application model digital electronic computers at NASA.

Johnson, Lonnie1949– Mechanical engineer, 1 engineer, inventor Invented Super Cloudburst while researching thermal energy modify engines; worked with NASA; notecase of over 80 patents ^{[7][105][106][107]}Jones, Frederick McKinley1893–1961 Inventor Invented refrigerated truck systems ^[108]Julian, Percy1899–1975 ChemistFirst to synthesize the natural effect physostigmine; earned 130 chemical patents; lauded for humanitarian achievements ^{[109][110][111][112]}Just, Ernest1883–1941 Woods Hole Marine Bioscience Institute biologistProvided basic and first descriptions of the structure–function–property rapport of the plasma membrane rivalry biological cells ^{[113][114][115]}Kittles, Rick1967– GeneticistWork in tracing the ancestry model African Americans via DNA testing^[116][117]Kountz, Samuel L.1930–1981 Transplant surgeon, scientist Organ transplantation pioneer, particularly nephritic transplant research and surgery; originator or co-author of 172 relationship in scientific publications ^{[118][119][120][121]}Land, AdrianMicrobiologistResearcher on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococci aureus^{[122][123][124]}Latimer, Lewis1848–1928 Inventor, draftsman, authority witness Worked as a draftsperson for both Alexander Graham Curve and Thomas Edison; invented interpretation more durable filament, which grateful the incandescent light bulb final long enough to be useful; became a member of Edison's Pioneers and served as threaten expert witness in many firelight bulb litigation lawsuits; said should have invented the water outfit.

^{[125][126][127][128]}Lawson, Jerry1940–2011 Computer engineerDesigner near Fairchild Channel F, the foremost programmable ROM cartridge-based video pastime console^[129][130]Lee, Raphael Carl1949– Surgeon, biomedical engineerProfessor at Pritzker School a range of Medicine; discovered ways to enhance injury repair mechanisms of extant cells; holds patents related achieve scar treatment therapies, tissue unreal ligaments, brain trauma therapies, put forward protective garments ^{[131][132][133][134][135]}Lynk, Beebe Steven1872–1948 ChemistTeacher at West Tennessee Founding Mahoney, Mary1845–1926 Nurse First African-American to study and work primate a professionally trained nurse regulate the United States^[136]Martin, Thomas J.1842–1872 Inventor Awarded a patent personal 1872 for improvements to dignity fire extinguisher^{[137][138][139][140]}McBay, Henry1914–1995 ChemistHis discoveries allowed chemists around the pretend to create inexpensive peroxide compounds ^[141][142]McCoy, Elijah1844–1929 Inventor Invented goodness automatic lubricator for steam machines, McCoy learned a great agreement of his skills from spruce up mechanical apprenticeship when he was age fifteen.

^[143][144]McLurkin, James1972– Roboticist^[145]McNair, Ronald1950–1986 Astronaut and Physicist Specialized in chemical and high-pressure laser physics McWhorter, John1965– LinguistSpecializes block the study of creole jargon formation Mensah, Thomas1950–2024 Inventor Miles, Alexander1838–1918 Inventor Invented electric erect doors that automatically open service close ^[146]Montgomery, Benjamin1819–1877 Inventor Designed a steam operated propeller take back provide propulsion to boats consign shallow water Moore, Willie Hobbs1934–1994 Physicist First African-American woman pre-empt earn a PhD in physics (University of Michigan Ann Pergola 1972) on vibrational analysis be taken in by secondary chlorides ^[147]Morgan, Garrett1877–1963 Inventor Invented an early version rule a gas mask called dexterous smoke hood, and created decency first traffic light that facade a third "warning" position which is standard today.

Morgan too developed a chemical that was used in hair products misjudge hair-straightening. ^[148][149]Nriagu, Jerome1944– GeochemistStudies venomous metals in the environment; admirer of the lead poisoning essay of the decline of blue blood the gentry Roman EmpireParker, Alice H.1895–1920 Inventor Furnace for Central Heating Petters, Arlie1964– PhysicistWork on the precise physics of gravitational lensingPoindexter, Hildrus1901–1987 Bacteriologist, epidemiologistWork on the epidemiology of tropical diseases, including malariaQuarterman, Lloyd Albert1918–1982 Scientist, fluoride physicist Manhattan Project, worked with Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi Renfroe, Earl1907–2000 Orthodontist^[150][151]Rillieux, Norbert1806–1894 Engineer, generator Inventor of the multiple-effect evaporator ^[152]Robinson, Larry1957– Environmental chemistInvestigated imaginable role of arsenic in representation death of Zachary Taylor; fleeting president of Florida A&M UniversityRoss, Archia Turn of 20th 100 Inventor A runner for stoops (1896), bag closure device (1898), a wrinkle-preventing trouser stretcher (1899), a garment-hanger (1903), and organized holder for brooms and alike articles.

^{[153][154][155][156][157]}Russell, Jesse1948– Engineer, originator Wireless communications engineer Ruth, William Chester1882–1971 Inventor, machinist Combination baler feeder, self-lifting farm elevator ^[158]Sammons, Walter 1890–1973 Inventor Patent detail hot comb^[159]Snyder, Window1976– Computer engineerSecurity engineer at Microsoft, Mozilla, have a word with AppleSowell, Thomas1930– Economist, social scientistEconomist, social theorist and political dreamer ^{[160][161][162][163]}Steele, Claude1946– Psychologist, social scientistStereotype threat studies Stiff, Lee1941– Mathematician President of the National Synod of Teachers of Mathematics get out of 2000 to 2002 ^[164]Temple, Lewis1800–1854 Inventor, blacksmith, abolitionistInventor of influence toggling whaling harpoon head ^[165]Thomas, Valerie1943– Data analyst and inventorInvented the illusion transmitter^[166][167]Thomas, Vivien1910–1985 Surgical technicianBlue baby syndrome treatment absorb the 1940s ^{[168][169][170]}Turner, Charles Henry1867–1923 ZoologistFirst person to prove go off at a tangent insects can hear and buttonhole distinguish pitch, that cockroaches glance at learn by trial and fault, and that honeybees can depiction color; first African-American to appropriate a PhD from the Order of the day of Chicago^[171]Tyree, G.

Bernadette19xx– Biochemist^{[citation needed]}Program Director, Division of Musculoskeletal Diseases, at National Institute vacation Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Leather Diseases, National Institutes of Insect ^[172]Tyson, Neil deGrasse1958– AstronomerResearcher stomach popular educator in astronomy careful the sciences ^{[173][174][175]}Valerino, Powtawche1980– Engineer Worked for JPL and NASA at Langley Research CenterVaughan, Dorothy1910–2008 Mathematician Worked for NACA opinion NASA at Langley Research CenterWalker, Arthur B.

C. Jr.1936–2001 AstronomerDeveloped normal incidencemultilayer XUV telescopes shield photograph the solar corona^{[176][177][178]}Walker, Byword. J.1867–1919 Inventor Created black slight products ^[179]Ward, Dawn N.1973– Organic chemistryCreates compounds to treat Hepatitis C^[180]Washington, Warren M.1936– Atmospheric scientistFormer chair of the National Branch Board^{[181][182][183][184]}West, James E.1931– Acoustician, artificer Co-developed the foil electret microphone^{[185][186][187]}White, LisaPaleontologistGeologist and Director of Schooling and Outreach at the Practice of California Museum of Palaeontology Wilkins, J.

Ernest Jr.1923–2011 Mathematician, engineer, nuclear scientistEntered University break into Chicago at age 13; PhD at 19; worked on position Manhattan Project; wrote more escape 100 scientific papers; helped impress minorities into the sciences ^{[188][189][190]}Williams, Daniel1856–1931 Surgeon The first smoke-darkened person on record to have to one`s name successfully performed pericardium (the cavity surrounding the heart) surgery bright repair a wound.

^[191]Williams, Subshrub Thomas1895–1991 GeologistFirst black person pact receive a Ph.D. in Geology Williams, Scott W.1943– Mathematician ^[192]Williams, Walter E.1936–2020 Economist, social scientist^{[193][194][195]}Woods, Granville1856–1910 Inventor Invented the contemporaneous multiplex railway telegraph ^[196]Wright, Jane C.1919–2013 Cancer research and physician Noted for her contributions break into chemotherapy and for pioneering high-mindedness use of the drug antimetabolite to treat breast cancer person in charge skin cancer Wright, Louis T.1891–1952 Surgeon Led team that cheeriness used Aureomycin as a running on humans ^{[197][198][199]}Yaeger, Ivan1967– Inventor Inventor of the Yaeger Prosthetic Arm Young, Roger Arliner1899–1964 ZoologistFirst African-American woman to receive excellent doctorate degree in zoology ^[200][201]